महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-39, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
शरविक्षतगात्रस्तु प्रत्यमित्रमवस्थितम् ।
अभिमन्युः स्मयन्धीमान्दुःशासनमथाब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
śaravikṣatagātrastu pratyamitramavasthitam ,
abhimanyuḥ smayandhīmānduḥśāsanamathābravīt.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca śaravikṣatagātraḥ tu prati-amitram
avasthitam abhimanyuḥ smayan dhīmān duḥśāsanam atha abravīt

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca atha dhīmān abhimanyuḥ śaravikṣatagātraḥ
smayan prati-amitram avasthitam duḥśāsanam abravīt

1. Sañjaya said: Then, the intelligent Abhimanyu, his body wounded by arrows, smiled and spoke to Duḥśāsana, who stood before him as an enemy.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (Sañjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (as a narrator) (said, spoke)

• शरविक्षतगात्रः (śaravikṣatagātraḥ) - Abhimanyu, whose body was wounded by arrows (whose body is wounded by arrows)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the state (but, indeed, however)

• प्रति-अमित्रम् (prati-amitram) - facing Duḥśāsana, as an enemy (towards the enemy, facing the enemy)

• अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - standing (Duḥśāsana) (standing, situated, present)

• अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (the speaker) (Abhimanyu)

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling (Abhimanyu) (smiling)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent (Abhimanyu) (intelligent, wise, thoughtful)

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - to Duḥśāsana (the person Abhimanyu spoke to) (Duḥśāsana)

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Abhimanyu spoke (he said, spoke)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (as a narrator) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शरविक्षतगात्रः (śaravikṣatagātraḥ) - Abhimanyu, whose body was wounded by arrows (whose body is wounded by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaravikṣatagātra

śaravikṣatagātra - having a body wounded by arrows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śara+vikṣata+gātra)

• śara – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
• vikṣata – wounded, injured, torn
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √kṣaṇ with vi- prefix
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṣaṇ (class 8)
• gātra – limb, body, person
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Abhimanyu.

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the state (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

प्रति-अमित्रम् (prati-amitram) - facing Duḥśāsana, as an enemy (towards the enemy, facing the enemy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prati-amitra

prati-amitra - enemy, opponent

Derived from 'amitra' (enemy) with the prefix 'prati' (against).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+amitra)

• prati – towards, against, in opposition to
  indeclinable
• amitra – enemy, foe, adversary
  noun (masculine)
  a- (not) + mitra (friend)

अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - standing (Duḥśāsana) (standing, situated, present)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - standing, abiding, situated, present

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √sthā with ava- prefix

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Duḥśāsana.

अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (the speaker) (Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (name of Arjuna's son)

Prefix: abhi

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling (Abhimanyu) (smiling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayat

smayat - smiling, wondering

Present Active Participle

Derived from √smi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Abhimanyu.

धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent (Abhimanyu) (intelligent, wise, thoughtful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, sagacious, thoughtful

Possessive adjective formed with -mat suffix from dhī (intellect).

Note: Qualifies Abhimanyu.

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - to Duḥśāsana (the person Abhimanyu spoke to) (Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (name of one of the Kauravas)

`duḥ` (bad/difficult) + `śāsana` (rule/command) - meaning 'difficult to rule' or 'bad ruler'.

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Abhimanyu spoke (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect tense

3rd person singular imperfect active of √brū (variant of √vac)

Root: brū (class 2)