महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-39, verse-11

स गाढविद्धो व्यथितो रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
दुःशासनो महाराज कश्मलं चाविशन्महत् ॥११॥

11. sa gāḍhaviddho vyathito rathopastha upāviśat ,
duḥśāsano mahārāja kaśmalaṁ cāviśanmahat.

11. saḥ gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ rathopasthe upāviśat
duḥśāsanaḥ mahārāja kaśmalam ca āviśat mahat

11. mahārāja duḥśāsanaḥ saḥ gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ
rathopasthe upāviśat ca mahat kaśmalam āviśat

11. O great king, Duḥśāsana, deeply wounded and distressed, sat down upon his chariot's floor, and a profound unconsciousness overcame him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Duḥśāsana. (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - Describing Duḥśāsana. (deeply wounded, severely pierced)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - Describing Duḥśāsana. (distressed, agitated, in pain)

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - The location where Duḥśāsana sat. (on the chariot-seat, on the floor of the chariot)

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - he sat down

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - The specific Kaurava prince. (Duḥśāsana)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king)

• कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - A state of fainting or being stunned. (unconsciousness, stupor, delusion)

• च (ca) - Connects the two clauses. (and)

• आविशत् (āviśat) - The stupor overcame him. (entered, took possession of, overcame)

• महत् (mahat) - Describing the extent of unconsciousness. (great, profound, immense)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Duḥśāsana. (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject, referring to Duḥśāsana.

गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - Describing Duḥśāsana. (deeply wounded, severely pierced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāḍhaviddha

gāḍhaviddha - deeply pierced/wounded

Compound of gāḍha (deep, intense) and viddha (pierced, wounded).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāḍha+viddha)

• gāḍha – deep, intense, firm, severe
  adjective
• viddha – pierced, struck, wounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vyadh (to pierce).
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying saḥ (Duḥśāsana).

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - Describing Duḥśāsana. (distressed, agitated, in pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, agitated, pained, troubled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyath (to be agitated, disturbed).

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying saḥ (Duḥśāsana).

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - The location where Duḥśāsana sat. (on the chariot-seat, on the floor of the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot-seat, floor of a chariot

Compound of ratha (chariot) and upastha (seat, lap, lower part).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, lower part
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the location of sitting.

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - he sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upaviś

From root viś (to enter) with prefix upa. upāviśat is 3rd singular active imperfect.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Subject is saḥ / duḥśāsanaḥ.

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - The specific Kaurava prince. (Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name of a Kaurava prince)

Literally "badly ruling" or "difficult to rule".

Note: Coreferent with saḥ.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound of mahā (great) and rāja (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addresses the listener (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - A state of fainting or being stunned. (unconsciousness, stupor, delusion)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaśmala

kaśmala - unconsciousness, stupor, delusion, impurity

Note: Subject of āviśat.

च (ca) - Connects the two clauses. (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

आविशत् (āviśat) - The stupor overcame him. (entered, took possession of, overcame)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āviś

From root viś (to enter) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Subject is kaśmalam.

महत् (mahat) - Describing the extent of unconsciousness. (great, profound, immense)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, profound

Present Active Participle

Declined form of mahat.

Note: Adjective modifying kaśmalam.