महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-39, verse-12

सारथिस्त्वरमाणस्तु दुःशासनमचेतसम् ।
रणमध्यादपोवाह सौभद्रशरपीडितम् ॥१२॥

12. sārathistvaramāṇastu duḥśāsanamacetasam ,
raṇamadhyādapovāha saubhadraśarapīḍitam.

12. sārathiḥ tvaramāṇaḥ tu duḥśāsanam acetasam
raṇamadhyāt apovāha saubhadraśarapīḍitam

12. tu tvaramāṇaḥ sārathiḥ acetasam
saubhadraśarapīḍitam duḥśāsanam raṇamadhyāt apovāha

12. But the hurrying charioteer drove the unconscious Duḥśāsana, who was afflicted by the arrows of Subhadrā's son (Abhimanyu), away from the thick of the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - Duḥśāsana's charioteer. (charioteer)

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - Describing the charioteer's action. (hastening, hurrying)

• तु (tu) - Introduces a contrasting or sequential action. (but, indeed, however)

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - The specific Kaurava prince, object of apovāha. (Duḥśāsana (accusative))

• अचेतसम् (acetasam) - Describing Duḥśāsana's state. (unconscious, senseless, without consciousness)

• रणमध्यात् (raṇamadhyāt) - The place from which Duḥśāsana was removed. (from the midst of battle)

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - The charioteer drove Duḥśāsana away. (he carried away, drove away)

• सौभद्रशरपीडितम् (saubhadraśarapīḍitam) - Describing Duḥśāsana, specifically by Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā). (afflicted by Abhimanyu's arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - Duḥśāsana's charioteer. (charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - Describing the charioteer's action. (hastening, hurrying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hastening, hurrying, being quick

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root tvar (to hasten) with śānac suffix.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying sārathiḥ.

तु (tu) - Introduces a contrasting or sequential action. (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - The specific Kaurava prince, object of apovāha. (Duḥśāsana (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name of a Kaurava prince)

अचेतसम् (acetasam) - Describing Duḥśāsana's state. (unconscious, senseless, without consciousness)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acetas

acetas - unconscious, senseless, stupid

Formed with negative prefix a- and cetas (consciousness).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+cetas)

• a – not, without
  prefix
• cetas – consciousness, mind, intelligence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying duḥśāsanam.

रणमध्यात् (raṇamadhyāt) - The place from which Duḥśāsana was removed. (from the midst of battle)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of raṇamadhya

raṇamadhya - midst of battle

Compound of raṇa (battle) and madhya (middle, midst).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+madhya)

• raṇa – battle, combat
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates separation "from" the battle.

अपोवाह (apovāha) - The charioteer drove Duḥśāsana away. (he carried away, drove away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of apovāha

From root vah (to carry, lead) with prefix apa. apovāha is 3rd singular active perfect.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject is sārathiḥ.

सौभद्रशरपीडितम् (saubhadraśarapīḍitam) - Describing Duḥśāsana, specifically by Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā). (afflicted by Abhimanyu's arrows)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadraśarapīḍita

saubhadraśarapīḍita - tormented by the arrows of Subhadrā's son

Compound: saubhadra (son of Subhadrā, Abhimanyu) + śara (arrow) + pīḍita (afflicted, tormented).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saubhadra+śara+pīḍita)

• saubhadra – son of Subhadrā (i.e., Abhimanyu)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from subhadrā (name of Kṛṣṇa's sister and Arjuna's wife) with patronymic suffix a.
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pīḍ (to torment, oppress).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying duḥśāsanam.