महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-139, verse-18

द्रोणं यत्ताः पराक्रान्ताः सर्वे रक्षत पृष्ठतः ।
हार्दिक्यो दक्षिणं चक्रं शल्यश्चैवोत्तरं तथा ॥१८॥

18. droṇaṁ yattāḥ parākrāntāḥ sarve rakṣata pṛṣṭhataḥ ,
hārdikyo dakṣiṇaṁ cakraṁ śalyaścaivottaraṁ tathā.

18. droṇam yattāḥ parākrāntāḥ sarve rakṣata pṛṣṭhataḥ
Hārdikyaḥ dakṣiṇam cakram Śalyaḥ ca eva uttaram tathā

18. sarve yattāḥ parākrāntāḥ droṇam pṛṣṭhataḥ rakṣata
Hārdikyaḥ dakṣiṇam cakram Śalyaḥ ca eva uttaram tathā

18. All of you, being diligent and mighty, protect Droṇa from behind. Hārdikya (Kṛtavarman) should guard the right flank, and Śalya the northern (left) flank in the same manner.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona, the preceptor and commander of the Kaurava army (Drona)

• यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - attentive, diligent, prepared, engaged

• पराक्रान्ताः (parākrāntāḥ) - mighty, valorous, powerful, energetic

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• रक्षत (rakṣata) - protect, guard

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

• हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Kṛtavarman, an ally of the Kauravas (Hārdikya (son of Hṛdika))

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - the right flank or division of the army (right, southern)

• चक्रम् (cakram) - flank of the army formation (wheel, disc, army division, flank)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya, king of the Madras, an ally of the Kauravas (Śalya (proper name))

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - the northern (left) flank or division of the army (northern, left, higher, later)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona, the preceptor and commander of the Kaurava army (Drona)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name); pitcher, bucket

यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - attentive, diligent, prepared, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - attentive, diligent, prepared, engaged, restrained

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root yat (to strive, exert) or yam (to restrain). Here, 'prepared' or 'attentive'.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `sarve`.

पराक्रान्ताः (parākrāntāḥ) - mighty, valorous, powerful, energetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parākrānta

parākrānta - mighty, valorous, powerful, energetic, assailed, conquered

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root kram (to step, go) with prefix parā (away, beyond, mighty).

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `sarve`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Refers to the warriors being addressed.

रक्षत (rakṣata) - protect, guard

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Direct command to 'you all'.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

(indeclinable)

Formed from pṛṣṭha (back) with the suffix -tas.

Note: Denotes position or direction.

हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Kṛtavarman, an ally of the Kauravas (Hārdikya (son of Hṛdika))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hārdikya

hārdikya - descendant of Hṛdika; a patronymic name for Kṛtavarman

Patronymic from Hṛdika.

Note: Subject of an implied verb of protection.

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - the right flank or division of the army (right, southern)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - right, southern, clever, skillful

Note: Agrees with `cakram`.

चक्रम् (cakram) - flank of the army formation (wheel, disc, army division, flank)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, disc, circle, army division, realm

Note: Object of an implied verb of protection.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya, king of the Madras, an ally of the Kauravas (Śalya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (proper name); spear, dart, thorn

Note: Subject of an implied verb of protection.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizer.

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - the northern (left) flank or division of the army (northern, left, higher, later)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, left, higher, later, superior, response

Note: Agrees with an implied `cakram`.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates similarity of action.