महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-139, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
प्रकाशिते तथा लोके रजसा च तमोवृते ।
समाजग्मुरथो वीराः परस्परवधैषिणः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
prakāśite tathā loke rajasā ca tamovṛte ,
samājagmuratho vīrāḥ parasparavadhaiṣiṇaḥ.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tathā loke prakāśite ca rajasā
tamovṛte atha u vīrāḥ parasparavadheṣiṇaḥ samājagmuḥ

1. saṃjaya uvāca.
tathā loke prakāśite ca rajasā tamovṛte,
atha u vīrāḥ parasparavadheṣiṇaḥ samājagmuḥ

1. Sañjaya said: When the world was thus illuminated, and also enveloped in darkness by dust, then the heroes gathered, intent on slaying each other.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the sight of men

• प्रकाशिते (prakāśite) - when illuminated, when made visible

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (by dust, by passion, by impurity)

• तमोवृते (tamovṛte) - covered by darkness, enveloped in gloom

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• उ (u) - and, also, indeed

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

• परस्परवधेषिणः (parasparavadheṣiṇaḥ) - desiring mutual slaughter

• समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - came together, assembled, met

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer); victory, triumph

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac', 3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the sight of men

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, people, mankind; region, sphere

प्रकाशिते (prakāśite) - when illuminated, when made visible

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of prakāśita

prakāśita - illuminated, manifested, revealed, published

Past Passive Participle (Causal)

From the causal of root 'kāś' (to shine, appear) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (by dust, by passion, by impurity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, impurity; passion (guṇa); menstrual fluid

तमोवृते (tamovṛte) - covered by darkness, enveloped in gloom

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of tamovṛta

tamovṛta - covered or enveloped in darkness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tamas+vṛta)

• tamas – darkness, gloom; ignorance (guṇa)
  noun (neuter)
• vṛta – covered, enveloped, surrounded, chosen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

उ (u) - and, also, indeed

(indeclinable)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, valiant man; strong, powerful

परस्परवधेषिणः (parasparavadheṣiṇaḥ) - desiring mutual slaughter

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parasparavadheṣiṇ

parasparavadheṣiṇ - desiring mutual killing or slaughter

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paraspara+vadha+eṣiṇ)

• paraspara – mutual, reciprocal, each other
  indeclinable
• vadha – slaughter, killing, murder; blow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: han (class 2)
• eṣiṇ – desiring, seeking, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Participle
  From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - came together, assembled, met

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Active

Root 'gam', 3rd person plural, Perfect tense, active voice, with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)