महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-139, verse-16

संजय उवाच ।
द्रोणस्य मतमाज्ञाय योद्धुकामस्य तां निशाम् ।
दुर्योधनो महाराज वश्यान्भ्रातॄनभाषत ॥१६॥

16. saṁjaya uvāca ,
droṇasya matamājñāya yoddhukāmasya tāṁ niśām ,
duryodhano mahārāja vaśyānbhrātṝnabhāṣata.

16. saṃjaya uvāca droṇasya matam ājñāya yoddhukāmasya tām
niśām duryodhanaḥ mahārāja vaśyān bhrātṝn abhāṣata

16. saṃjaya uvāca he mahārāja duryodhanaḥ tām niśām
yoddhukāmasya droṇasya matam ājñāya vaśyān bhrātṝn abhāṣata

16. Sañjaya said: O great king, understanding Droṇa's intention to fight that night, Duryodhana spoke to his obedient brothers.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, intention, thought

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, understanding

• योद्धुकामस्य (yoddhukāmasya) - of one desirous to fight, of one who wants to fight

• ताम् (tām) - that (night) (that)

• निशाम् (niśām) - night

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

• वश्यान् (vaśyān) - obedient, submissive, controllable

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, he addressed

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

reduplicated perfect, 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a warrior and preceptor); a measure of capacity

मतम् (matam) - opinion, intention, thought

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, intention, doctrine

Past Passive Participle

derived from root man (to think, believe); here used as a noun

Root: man (class 4)

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, understanding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root jñā with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

योद्धुकामस्य (yoddhukāmasya) - of one desirous to fight, of one who wants to fight

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yoddhukāma

yoddhukāma - desirous of fighting, eager to fight

Compound formed with infinitive stem 'yoddhu' and 'kāma'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yoddhu+kāma)

• yoddhu – to fight (infinitive stem)
  indeclinable
  Infinitive stem
  formed from root yudh + tumun suffix
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)

ताम् (tām) - that (night) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

निशाम् (niśām) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

वश्यान् (vaśyān) - obedient, submissive, controllable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vaśya

vaśya - obedient, submissive, docile, controllable

Gerundive

derived from root vaś (to control, master) with -ya suffix

Root: vaś (class 1)

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, he addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Middle

augmented, 3rd singular

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)