महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-129, verse-23

भौमं रजोऽथ राजेन्द्र शोणितेन प्रशामितम् ।
शातकौम्भैश्च कवचैर्भूषणैश्च तमोऽभ्यगात् ॥२३॥

23. bhaumaṁ rajo'tha rājendra śoṇitena praśāmitam ,
śātakaumbhaiśca kavacairbhūṣaṇaiśca tamo'bhyagāt.

23. bhaumaṃ rajaḥ atha rājendra śoṇitena praśāmitam
śātakumbhaiḥ ca kavacaiḥ bhūṣaṇaiḥ ca tamaḥ abhyagāt

23. rājendra,
atha śoṇitena bhaumaṃ rajaḥ praśāmitam.
śātakumbhaiḥ ca kavacaiḥ ca bhūṣaṇaiḥ tamaḥ abhyagāt

23. Then, O great King, the earthly dust was settled by blood. And darkness settled over the gold-colored armors and ornaments.

Words meanings summery:

• भौमं (bhaumaṁ) - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, dirt, pollen, defilement

• अथ (atha) - then, next, moreover

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King of Kings, O great King

• शोणितेन (śoṇitena) - by blood

• प्रशामितम् (praśāmitam) - calmed, settled, extinguished

• शातकुम्भैः (śātakumbhaiḥ) - by gold-colored, by made of pure gold

• च (ca) - and

• कवचैः (kavacaiḥ) - by armors, by coats of mail

• भूषणैः (bhūṣaṇaiḥ) - by ornaments, by decorations

• च (ca) - and

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness

• अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - approached, went towards, enveloped, reached

Words meanings and morphology

भौमं (bhaumaṁ) - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhauma

bhauma - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth, born from the earth

Derived from bhūmi (earth).

Note: Agrees with rajaḥ.

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, dirt, pollen, defilement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, impurity, emotion (rajas guṇa)

Note: Subject.

अथ (atha) - then, next, moreover

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King of Kings, O great King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings, emperor, great king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj
• indra – Indra (chief of gods), chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the listener/reader.

शोणितेन (śoṇitena) - by blood

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śoṇita

śoṇita - blood, red, crimson

Root: śoṇ

Note: Agent of praśāmitam.

प्रशामितम् (praśāmitam) - calmed, settled, extinguished

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of praśāmita

praśāmita - calmed, settled, extinguished, allayed

Past Passive Participle

From root śam (to be quiet, calm) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for rajaḥ.

शातकुम्भैः (śātakumbhaiḥ) - by gold-colored, by made of pure gold

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śātakumbha

śātakumbha - gold-colored, made of pure gold, a type of gold

From śatakumbha (a type of gold).

Note: Agrees with kavacaiḥ and bhūṣaṇaiḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects elements.

कवचैः (kavacaiḥ) - by armors, by coats of mail

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kavaca

kavaca - armor, coat of mail, cuirass

भूषणैः (bhūṣaṇaiḥ) - by ornaments, by decorations

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bhūṣaṇa

bhūṣaṇa - ornament, decoration, jewel

From root bhūṣ (to adorn).

Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects elements.

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, rajas guṇa

Note: Subject of abhyagāt.

अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - approached, went towards, enveloped, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of gam

Aorist (Luṅ)

3rd person singular Aorist active with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here, implies darkness covered or came upon the objects.