महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-129, verse-12

तेषु शूरेषु युद्धाय गतेषु भरतर्षभ ।
बभूव रजनी घोरा भीरूणां भयवर्धिनी ॥१२॥

12. teṣu śūreṣu yuddhāya gateṣu bharatarṣabha ,
babhūva rajanī ghorā bhīrūṇāṁ bhayavardhinī.

12. teṣu śūreṣu yuddhāya gateṣu Bharatarṣabha
babhūva rajanī ghorā bhīrūṇām bhayavardhinī

12. Bharatarṣabha,
teṣu śūreṣu yuddhāya gateṣu,
ghorā bhayavardhinī rajanī bhīrūṇām babhūva

12. O foremost of the Bharatas, when those heroes had gone into battle, a dreadful night fell, intensifying the fear of the timid.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - among them, regarding them

• शूरेषु (śūreṣu) - among the heroes, warriors

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

• गतेषु (gateṣu) - having gone, when they had gone

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharatas

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, existed

• रजनी (rajanī) - night

• घोरा (ghorā) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

• भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful ones, of cowards

• भयवर्धिनी (bhayavardhinī) - fear-increasing, enhancing terror

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - among them, regarding them

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शूरेषु (śūreṣu) - among the heroes, warriors

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, valiant

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

गतेषु (gateṣu) - having gone, when they had gone

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, past, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

formed from root gam (to go) with suffix -ta

Root: gam (class 1)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Bharatarṣabha

Bharatarṣabha - bull among the Bharatas, chief of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (Bharata+ṛṣabha)

• Bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect

root bhū, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, perfect (liṭ)

Root: bhū (class 1)

रजनी (rajanī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

घोरा (ghorā) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful

भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful ones, of cowards

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhīru

bhīru - fearful, timid, coward

Root: bhī (class 3)

भयवर्धिनी (bhayavardhinī) - fear-increasing, enhancing terror

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhayavardhin

bhayavardhin - increasing fear, causing terror

Agent Noun/Adjective

Derived from bhaya (fear) + vardhin (increasing, from root vṛdh)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+vardhin)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• vardhin – increasing, growing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective from root vṛdh
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)