महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-129, verse-22

नैव स्वे न परे राजन्प्राज्ञायन्त तमोवृते ।
उन्मत्तमिव तत्सर्वं बभूव रजनीमुखे ॥२२॥

22. naiva sve na pare rājanprājñāyanta tamovṛte ,
unmattamiva tatsarvaṁ babhūva rajanīmukhe.

22. na eva sve na pare rājan prājñāyanta tamovṛte
unmattaṃ iva tat sarvaṃ babhūva rajanīmukhe

22. rājan tamovṛte sve na eva pare na prājñāyanta.
rajanīmukhe tat sarvaṃ unmattaṃ iva babhūva

22. O King, neither our own men nor the enemies could be distinguished, enveloped as they were in darkness. At the beginning of the night, everything became as if maddened.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, neither, nor

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• स्वे (sve) - own men, one's own people

• न (na) - not, neither, nor

• परे (pare) - others, enemies

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• प्राज्ञायन्त (prājñāyanta) - they were distinguished, they were discerned, they were known

• तमोवृते (tamovṛte) - enveloped in darkness, covered by darkness

• उन्मत्तं (unmattaṁ) - maddened, insane, wild

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• तत् (tat) - that

• सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, everything

• बभूव (babhūva) - it became, it happened, it was

• रजनीमुखे (rajanīmukhe) - at the beginning of the night, at nightfall

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, neither, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

स्वे (sve) - own men, one's own people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, own (as noun: one's own people, relatives)

Note: Subject of prājñāyanta.

न (na) - not, neither, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

परे (pare) - others, enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme, distant

Note: Subject of prājñāyanta.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Address to the King.

प्राज्ञायन्त (prājñāyanta) - they were distinguished, they were discerned, they were known

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Imperfect (Laṅ) Passive

3rd person plural Imperfect passive. Preceded by prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

तमोवृते (tamovṛte) - enveloped in darkness, covered by darkness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tamovṛta

tamovṛta - enveloped in darkness, covered by darkness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tamas+vṛta)

• tamas – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)
• vṛta – covered, surrounded, enveloped
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛ (to cover).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with sve and pare.

उन्मत्तं (unmattaṁ) - maddened, insane, wild

(adjective)

neuter, singular of unmatta

unmatta - maddened, insane, wild, intoxicated

Past Passive Participle

From root mad (to be intoxicated, delighted) with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with tat sarvaṃ.

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the whole situation.

सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Subject of babhūva.

बभूव (babhūva) - it became, it happened, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect (Liṭ)

3rd person singular Perfect active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

रजनीमुखे (rajanīmukhe) - at the beginning of the night, at nightfall

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rajanīmukha

rajanīmukha - beginning of the night, nightfall, evening

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rajanī+mukha)

• rajanī – night
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – mouth, face, opening, beginning
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes time.