महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-129, verse-19

तमसा चावृते लोके न प्राज्ञायत किंचन ।
सैन्येन रजसा चैव समन्तादुत्थितेन ह ॥१९॥

19. tamasā cāvṛte loke na prājñāyata kiṁcana ,
sainyena rajasā caiva samantādutthitena ha.

19. tamasā ca āvṛte loke na prājñāyata kiñcana
sainyena rajasā ca eva samantāt utthitena ha

19. ha tamasā ca sainyena samantāt utthitena
rajasā ca eva loke āvṛte kiñcana na prājñāyata

19. Indeed, as the region was enveloped by both darkness and the dust raised by the army from all directions, nothing at all could be discerned.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

• च (ca) - and

• आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, enveloped

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the region

• न (na) - not

• प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - was discerned, was perceived

• किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything (at all)

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• उत्थितेन (utthitena) - by that which was risen/raised

• ह (ha) - indeed

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, enveloped

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

vṛ - to cover, encompass, surround

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the region

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, region, space, people

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - was discerned, was perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of prajñā

Derived from root jñā (to know) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything (at all)

(indeclinable)

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military force

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, quality of activity (rajas guṇa)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'samanta' (all-around) with suffix 'āt'.

उत्थितेन (utthitena) - by that which was risen/raised

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of utthita

sthā - to stand, rise, be situated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ut- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed

(indeclinable)