महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-12, verse-4

संजय उवाच ।
राजन्सुबहवो द्वीपा यैरिदं संततं जगत् ।
सप्त त्वहं प्रवक्ष्यामि चन्द्रादित्यौ ग्रहांस्तथा ॥४॥

4. saṁjaya uvāca ,
rājansubahavo dvīpā yairidaṁ saṁtataṁ jagat ,
sapta tvahaṁ pravakṣyāmi candrādityau grahāṁstathā.

4. sañjaya uvāca rājan subahavaḥ dvīpā yaiḥ idam saṃtatam
jagat sapta tu aham pravakṣyāmi candrādityau grahān tathā

4. sañjaya uvāca rājan yaiḥ idam jagat
saṃtatam (asti) (te) subahavaḥ
dvīpā (santi) tu aham sapta candrādityau
grahān tathā (ca) pravakṣyāmi

4. Sañjaya said: "O King, there are many continents by which this world is spread. I will speak of seven (of them), as well as the Moon, the Sun, and the planets."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata) (Sañjaya (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Sañjaya) said (said, spoke)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• सुबहवः (subahavaḥ) - many, numerous (very many, numerous)

• द्वीपा (dvīpā) - continents (islands, continents)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (continents) (by whom, by which)

• इदम् (idam) - this (world) (this, this world)

• संततम् (saṁtatam) - spread, covered (spread, extended, covered)

• जगत् (jagat) - the world (world, universe, moving)

• सप्त (sapta) - seven (continents) (seven)

• तु (tu) - indeed, moreover (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Sañjaya) (I)

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will describe (I will speak, I will declare)

• चन्द्रादित्यौ (candrādityau) - the Moon and the Sun

• ग्रहान् (grahān) - planets (planets, seizers)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, in that manner, and also)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata) (Sañjaya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya

उवाच (uvāca) - (Sañjaya) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

Perfect stem 'ūc-' (from root vac- with reduplication and vṛddhi). 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सुबहवः (subahavaḥ) - many, numerous (very many, numerous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of subahu

subahu - very much, very many

Compound of 'su' (good, well, very) and 'bahu' (much, many).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bahu – much, many
  adjective (masculine)

द्वीपा (dvīpā) - continents (islands, continents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent, region

From 'dvi' (two) + 'ap' (water), meaning "having water on two sides", or "having water as two parts".

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+apa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ap – water
  noun (feminine)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (continents) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Can be masculine or neuter. Here refers to dvīpā (masculine).

इदम् (idam) - this (world) (this, this world)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'jagat'.

संततम् (saṁtatam) - spread, covered (spread, extended, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃtata

saṁtata - spread, extended, continuous

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tan' (to stretch, extend) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'jagat'.

जगत् (jagat) - the world (world, universe, moving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, world, universe

Present active participle of root 'gam' (to go) in neuter.

Root: gam (class 1)

सप्त (sapta) - seven (continents) (seven)

(numeral)

Note: Used as an adjective for the implicit 'continents'.

तु (tu) - indeed, moreover (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

particle

अहम् (aham) - I (Sañjaya) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Refers to Sañjaya.

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will describe (I will speak, I will declare)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

future active indicative

Future stem 'vakṣya-' from root 'vac' with prefix 'pra'. 1st person singular active.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

चन्द्रादित्यौ (candrādityau) - the Moon and the Sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of candrāditya

candrāditya - Moon and Sun

Dvandva compound of candra and āditya.

Compound type : dvandva (candra+āditya)

• candra – moon, luminous, shining
  noun (masculine)
• āditya – Sun, son of Aditi
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'pravakṣyāmi'.

ग्रहान् (grahān) - planets (planets, seizers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of graha

graha - planet, seizing, grasping

From root 'grah' (to seize).

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Object of 'pravakṣyāmi'.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, in that manner, and also)

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Conjunction.