महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-12, verse-18

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
सुमहान्संशयो मेऽद्य प्रोक्तं संजय यत्त्वया ।
प्रजाः कथं सूतपुत्र संप्राप्ताः श्यामतामिह ॥१८॥

18. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
sumahānsaṁśayo me'dya proktaṁ saṁjaya yattvayā ,
prajāḥ kathaṁ sūtaputra saṁprāptāḥ śyāmatāmiha.

18. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca sumahān saṃśayaḥ me adya proktam saṃjaya
yat tvayā prajāḥ kathaṃ sūtaputra samprāptāḥ śyāmatām iha

18. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca: saṃjaya,
sūtaputra,
adya tvayā yat proktam [tatra] me sumahān saṃśayaḥ [asti].
iha prajāḥ kathaṃ śyāmatām samprāptāḥ [babhūvuḥ]?

18. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'O Saṃjaya, a very great doubt has arisen in me today concerning what you have said. O Sūtaputra, how did the people here attain a dark complexion?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the blind king) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, immense)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

• मे (me) - in me, for me (to me, my, for me)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - what has been said (said, spoken, declared)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer) (O Saṃjaya (proper name))

• यत् (yat) - what (which, what, that)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (people, subjects, offspring)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner)

• सूतपुत्र (sūtaputra) - O son of a charioteer (epithet for Saṃjaya) (O son of a charioteer)

• सम्प्राप्ताः (samprāptāḥ) - attained (attained, reached, obtained)

• श्यामताम् (śyāmatām) - dark complexion (darkness, blackness, dark complexion)

• इह (iha) - here (in this region/situation) (here, in this world, in this case)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the blind king) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Irregular perfect form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, immense)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, mighty

Derived from su (good, very) + mahat (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, big
  adjective

Note: Agrees with saṃśayaḥ.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

मे (me) - in me, for me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - what has been said (said, spoken, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - said, spoken, declared, stated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root vac (to speak) with prefix pra. The root vac changes to ukta in PPP.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to yat.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer) (O Saṃjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

यत् (yat) - what (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a clause.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'proktam'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (people, subjects, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, offspring, creatures

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

सूतपुत्र (sūtaputra) - O son of a charioteer (epithet for Saṃjaya) (O son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another vocative addressed to Saṃjaya.

सम्प्राप्ताः (samprāptāḥ) - attained (attained, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samprāpta

samprāpta - attained, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root āp (to obtain) with prefixes sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with prajāḥ.

श्यामताम् (śyāmatām) - dark complexion (darkness, blackness, dark complexion)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śyāmatā

śyāmatā - darkness, blackness, dark color

Derived from śyāma + tā (abstract suffix).

इह (iha) - here (in this region/situation) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)