महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-179, verse-31

अथादृश्यत धर्मात्मा भृगुश्रेष्ठो महातपाः ।
आह्वयामास च पुनर्युद्धाय द्विजसत्तमः ॥३१॥

31. athādṛśyata dharmātmā bhṛguśreṣṭho mahātapāḥ ,
āhvayāmāsa ca punaryuddhāya dvijasattamaḥ.

31. atha adṛśyata dharmātmā bhṛguśreṣṭhaḥ mahātapāḥ
| āhvayāmāsa ca punaḥ yuddhāya dvijasattamaḥ

31. atha dharmātmā bhṛguśreṣṭhaḥ mahātapāḥ
dvijasattamaḥ adṛśyata ca punaḥ yuddhāya āhvayāmāsa

31. Then the righteous-souled (dharma) and highly ascetic (tapas) best among the Bhrigus, the foremost among the twice-born (Brahmins), appeared. And he again challenged (Bhishma) to battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - appeared (he appeared, he was seen)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous-souled (dharma) (righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness)

• भृगुश्रेष्ठः (bhṛguśreṣṭhaḥ) - the best among the Bhrigus (best of the Bhrigus)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - highly ascetic (tapas) (of great austerity (tapas))

• आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he challenged (he challenged, he called to)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

• द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the best among the twice-born (Brahmins) (best of the twice-born (Brahmins, birds, etc.))

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - appeared (he appeared, he was seen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject is `dharmātmā`.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous-souled (dharma) (righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Parasurama.

भृगुश्रेष्ठः (bhṛguśreṣṭhaḥ) - the best among the Bhrigus (best of the Bhrigus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛguśreṣṭha

bhṛguśreṣṭha - foremost of the Bhrigus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhṛgu+śreṣṭha)

• bhṛgu – Bhrigu (name of an ancient sage and a brahmin clan)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Qualifies Parasurama.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - highly ascetic (tapas) (of great austerity (tapas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - possessing great austerity (tapas), highly ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Parasurama.

आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he challenged (he challenged, he called to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ā-hve

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Subject is Parasurama.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes repetition.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose.

द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the best among the twice-born (Brahmins) (best of the twice-born (Brahmins, birds, etc.))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best of the twice-born, excellent Brahmin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative suffix -tama

Note: Qualifies Parasurama.