महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-179, verse-19

ततस्तत्र द्विजा राजंस्तापसाश्च वनौकसः ।
अपश्यन्त रणं दिव्यं देवाः सर्षिगणास्तदा ॥१९॥

19. tatastatra dvijā rājaṁstāpasāśca vanaukasaḥ ,
apaśyanta raṇaṁ divyaṁ devāḥ sarṣigaṇāstadā.

19. tataḥ tatra dvijāḥ rājan tāpasāḥ ca vanaukasaḥ
apaśyanta raṇam divyam devāḥ sarṣigaṇāḥ tadā

19. rājan tataḥ tatra dvijāḥ tāpasāḥ ca vanaukasaḥ
ca tadā sarṣigaṇāḥ devāḥ divyam raṇam apaśyanta

19. O King, then there, the Brahmins, ascetics, and forest-dwellers, and also the gods along with the hosts of sages, all witnessed that divine battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins, twice-born ones

• राजन् (rājan) - O king, ruler

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits, penitents

• च (ca) - and, also

• वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest-dwellers, hermits

• अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw, they beheld

• रणम् (raṇam) - battle, combat, war

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly, celestial

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• सर्षिगणाः (sarṣigaṇāḥ) - with groups of sages, along with hosts of sages

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad used adverbially

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative of tad used adverbially

Note: Refers to the battlefield of Kurukṣetra.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins, twice-born ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas after initiation, also birds, teeth, snakes)

Compound of dvi (two) + ja (born)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'apaśyanta'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king, ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing the listener

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits, penitents

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, practising austerity (tapas)

Derived from tapas (austerity)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'apaśyanta'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest-dwellers, hermits

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, hermit

Compound of vana (forest) + okas (dwelling)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'apaśyanta'.

अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw, they beheld

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root dṛś (1P, paśya- stem), 3rd person plural, active voice, augment 'a-'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The verb governing all the nominative plural subjects.

रणम् (raṇam) - battle, combat, war

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, sound, joy

From root raṇ (to sound, to rejoice, to fight)

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'apaśyanta'.

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly, celestial

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial, supernatural

From div (heaven) + -ya suffix

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agreeing with 'raṇam'.

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, celestial being

From root div (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'apaśyanta'.

सर्षिगणाः (sarṣigaṇāḥ) - with groups of sages, along with hosts of sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarṣigaṇa

sarṣigaṇa - accompanied by groups of sages, with hosts of sages

Bahuvrihi compound 'sa-ṛṣigaṇa' (having ṛṣigaṇa with them)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+ṛṣigaṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• ṛṣigaṇa – host/group of sages
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of ṛṣi (sage) and gaṇa (group)

Note: Co-subject with 'devāḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from tad

Note: Adverbial.