महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-64, verse-23

दुर्योधनं च समरे सनागमिव यूथपम् ।
प्रभग्नमब्रवीद्भीतं राजपुत्रं महाबलम् ॥२३॥

23. duryodhanaṁ ca samare sanāgamiva yūthapam ,
prabhagnamabravīdbhītaṁ rājaputraṁ mahābalam.

23. duryodhanam ca samare sa-nāgam iva yūthapam
prabhagnam abravīt bhītam rājaputram mahābalam

23. And to Duryodhana in battle, who was like a commander of elephants (sanāgam iva yūthapam), he (Arjuna) spoke, addressing the mighty prince who was shattered and terrified.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• च (ca) - and, also

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• स-नागम् (sa-nāgam) - with an elephant, accompanied by elephants

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• यूथपम् (yūthapam) - leader of a herd, commander (of elephants)

• प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - shattered, defeated, broken

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• भीतम् (bhītam) - terrified, frightened

• राजपुत्रम् (rājaputram) - to the prince, to the king's son

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - mighty, very strong, of great strength

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the Kaurava king)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war

स-नागम् (sa-nāgam) - with an elephant, accompanied by elephants

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sanāga

sanāga - with an elephant

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+nāga)

• sa – with, along with
  prefix
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

यूथपम् (yūthapam) - leader of a herd, commander (of elephants)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a herd, chief of a company, commander

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, troop
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to Duryodhana, qualified by `sanāgam`.

प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - shattered, defeated, broken

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `bhañj` with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

`laṅ` (imperfect active, 3rd sg)

Root: brū (class 2)

भीतम् (bhītam) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - terrified, afraid

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `bhī`.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

राजपुत्रम् (rājaputram) - to the prince, to the king's son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - son of a king, prince

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to Duryodhana.

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - mighty, very strong, of great strength

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.