महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-64, verse-17

रणे यं प्रेक्ष्य सीदन्ति हृतस्वा वणिजो यथा ।
कृपेण तेन ते तात कथमासीत्समागमः ॥१७॥

17. raṇe yaṁ prekṣya sīdanti hṛtasvā vaṇijo yathā ,
kṛpeṇa tena te tāta kathamāsītsamāgamaḥ.

17. raṇe yam prekṣya sīdanti hṛtasvāḥ vaṇijaḥ
yathā kṛpeṇa tena te tāta katham āsīt samāgamaḥ

17. Dear son, how did you encounter Kṛpa, seeing whom in battle, warriors become disheartened just like merchants whose goods have been seized?

Words meanings summery:

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• यम् (yam) - whom

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, seeing

• सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - they become dejected, they sink

• हृतस्वाः (hṛtasvāḥ) - whose wealth has been taken, deprived of property

• वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like

• कृपेण (kṛpeṇa) - by Kṛpa, the Kuru general (by Kṛpa)

• तेन (tena) - by him, with him

• ते (te) - to you, your

• तात (tāta) - dear son, dear one

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, happened

• समागमः (samāgamaḥ) - encounter, meeting

Words meanings and morphology

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

यम् (yam) - whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root īkṣ (to see) with prefix pra- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ

सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - they become dejected, they sink

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of sad

Root: sad (class 1)

हृतस्वाः (hṛtasvāḥ) - whose wealth has been taken, deprived of property

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛtasva

hṛtasva - one whose wealth is taken, plundered, deprived of property

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛta+sva)

• hṛta – taken, seized, stolen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hṛ (to seize, take).
  Root: hṛ
• sva – one's own property, wealth, kinsmen
  noun (masculine)

वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaṇij

vaṇij - merchant, trader

यथा (yathā) - just as, like

(indeclinable)

कृपेण (kṛpeṇa) - by Kṛpa, the Kuru general (by Kṛpa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (proper name, a teacher of the Kuru princes)

तेन (tena) - by him, with him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

ते (te) - to you, your

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here functioning as genitive, 'your encounter'

तात (tāta) - dear son, dear one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, son (vocative of affection)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

समागमः (samāgamaḥ) - encounter, meeting

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāgama

samāgama - meeting, conjunction, encounter

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam