महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-64, verse-11

क्षमयित्वा तु कौरव्यं रणादुत्तरमागतम् ।
प्रशशंस ततो मत्स्यः शृण्वतः सव्यसाचिनः ॥११॥

11. kṣamayitvā tu kauravyaṁ raṇāduttaramāgatam ,
praśaśaṁsa tato matsyaḥ śṛṇvataḥ savyasācinaḥ.

11. kṣamayitvā tu kauravyaṃ raṇāt uttaram āgatam
praśaśaṃsa tataḥ matsyaḥ śṛṇvataḥ savyasācinaḥ

11. Having pardoned prince Uttara, who was of the Kuru lineage and had returned from the battle, the Matsya king then praised him while Savyasācin (Arjuna) listened.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षमयित्वा (kṣamayitvā) - having forgiven, having pardoned, having conciliated

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• कौरव्यं (kauravyaṁ) - prince Uttara, who was of the Kuru lineage (a descendant of Kuru, a Kuru prince)

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from conflict

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - Prince Uttara (son of King Virata) (Uttara (proper name), north, later, higher)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - who had returned (having come, arrived)

• प्रशशंस (praśaśaṁsa) - praised, extolled

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - the King of Matsya (Virata) (fish, king of Matsya)

• शृण्वतः (śṛṇvataḥ) - while Savyasācin was listening (of the listening one, while listening)

• सव्यसाचिनः (savyasācinaḥ) - of Arjuna (who could shoot with both hands) (of Savyasācin (Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

क्षमयित्वा (kṣamayitvā) - having forgiven, having pardoned, having conciliated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From the causative stem 'kṣamayi' of root 'kṣam' (to be patient, endure).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

कौरव्यं (kauravyaṁ) - prince Uttara, who was of the Kuru lineage (a descendant of Kuru, a Kuru prince)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru family, a Kuru prince

Patronymic from 'kuru'.

Note: Object of 'kṣamayitvā'.

रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from conflict

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, struggle

Root: raṇ (class 1)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - Prince Uttara (son of King Virata) (Uttara (proper name), north, later, higher)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (proper name), north, later, higher, superior

आगतम् (āgatam) - who had returned (having come, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, returned, approached

Past Passive Participle

From the root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā' (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

प्रशशंस (praśaśaṁsa) - praised, extolled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of praśaṃs

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, from root 'śaṃs' (to praise) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - the King of Matsya (Virata) (fish, king of Matsya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish, name of a kingdom or its king (King Virata)

Note: Subject of 'praśaśaṃsa'.

शृण्वतः (śṛṇvataḥ) - while Savyasācin was listening (of the listening one, while listening)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - listening, hearing

Present Active Participle

From root 'śru' (to hear), present participle.

Root: śru (class 5)

सव्यसाचिनः (savyasācinaḥ) - of Arjuna (who could shoot with both hands) (of Savyasācin (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who can shoot with both hands (epithet of Arjuna)

Compound epithet: 'savya' (left) + 'sācin' (shooter).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – shooter, archer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'sac' (to shoot, to strike).
  Root: sac (class 1)