महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-280, verse-5

अतितीव्रोऽयमारम्भस्त्वयारब्धो नृपात्मजे ।
तिसृणां वसतीनां हि स्थानं परमदुष्करम् ॥५॥

5. atitīvro'yamārambhastvayārabdho nṛpātmaje ,
tisṛṇāṁ vasatīnāṁ hi sthānaṁ paramaduṣkaram.

5. atitīvraḥ ayam ārambhaḥ tvayā ārabdhaḥ nṛpātmaje
tisṛṇām vasatīnām hi sthānam paramaduṣkaram

5. "This undertaking (ārambha), which is extremely severe, has been begun by you, O princess (nṛpātmajā). Indeed, remaining awake for three nights is extremely difficult."

Words meanings summery:

• अतितीव्रः (atitīvraḥ) - extremely severe, very intense

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• आरम्भः (ārambhaḥ) - the vow (undertaking, beginning, enterprise)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• आरब्धः (ārabdhaḥ) - begun, undertaken

• नृपात्मजे (nṛpātmaje) - addressing Sāvitrī (O princess, O daughter of the king)

• तिसृणाम् (tisṛṇām) - of three

• वसतीनाम् (vasatīnām) - of nights (understood as staying awake) (of nights (dwellings))

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - the act of remaining (awake) (standing, staying, situation, place)

• परमदुष्करम् (paramaduṣkaram) - extremely difficult

Words meanings and morphology

अतितीव्रः (atitīvraḥ) - extremely severe, very intense

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atitīvra

atitīvra - extremely sharp/intense/severe

compound with ati (excessively) and tīvra (sharp, severe)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+tīvra)

• ati – excessively, very
  indeclinable
  Adverbial prefix
• tīvra – sharp, intense, severe
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with ārambhaḥ

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with ārambhaḥ

आरम्भः (ārambhaḥ) - the vow (undertaking, beginning, enterprise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārambha

ārambha - undertaking, beginning, enterprise

from root rabh (to seize) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'is')

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

2nd person pronoun

Note: Agent in passive construction (ārabdhaḥ)

आरब्धः (ārabdhaḥ) - begun, undertaken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārabdha

ārabdha - begun, undertaken

Past Passive Participle

from root rabh (to seize) with prefix ā, formed with -ta suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying ārambhaḥ

नृपात्मजे (nṛpātmaje) - addressing Sāvitrī (O princess, O daughter of the king)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of nṛpātmajā

nṛpātmajā - daughter of a king, princess

feminine form of nṛpātmaja

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+ātmajan)

• nṛpa – king
  noun (masculine)
• ātmajan – offspring, child
  noun (masculine)
  from ātman. The -ja suffix implies 'born from'. For feminine, ātmajā (daughter)

Note: Address to Sāvitrī

तिसृणाम् (tisṛṇām) - of three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with vasatīnām

वसतीनाम् (vasatīnām) - of nights (understood as staying awake) (of nights (dwellings))

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vasati

vasati - dwelling, abode, night (as a period of dwelling)

from root vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies sthānam (standing/staying for three nights)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

particle

स्थानम् (sthānam) - the act of remaining (awake) (standing, staying, situation, place)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - standing, place, situation, staying

from root sthā (to stand), formed with -ana suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause

परमदुष्करम् (paramaduṣkaram) - extremely difficult

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paramaduṣkara

paramaduṣkara - extremely difficult

compound of parama (supreme, most) and duṣkara (difficult)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+duṣkara)

• parama – supreme, most
  adjective
• duṣkara – difficult to do, hard
  adjective (neuter)
  from root kṛ (to do) with prefix dus (bad, difficult)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for sthānam