महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-153, verse-31

सान्त्विता धर्मराजेन प्रसेदुः क्षणदाचराः ।
विदिताश्च कुबेरस्य ततस्ते नरपुंगवाः ।
ऊषुर्नातिचिरं कालं रममाणाः कुरूद्वहाः ॥३१॥

31. sāntvitā dharmarājena praseduḥ kṣaṇadācarāḥ ,
viditāśca kuberasya tataste narapuṁgavāḥ ,
ūṣurnāticiraṁ kālaṁ ramamāṇāḥ kurūdvahāḥ.

31. sāntvitāḥ dharmarājena praseduḥ
kṣaṇadācarāḥ viditāḥ ca kuberasya
tataḥ te narapuṅgavāḥ ūṣuḥ na ati
ciram kālam ramamāṇāḥ kurūdvahāḥ

31. Consoled by King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma), those night-wanderers (rakṣasas), who were known to Kubera, became pleased. Thereupon, O descendants of Kuru, those excellent men (the Pāṇḍavas) dwelled there, enjoying themselves, though not for too long a time.

Words meanings summery:

• सान्त्विताः (sāntvitāḥ) - consoled, comforted, appeased

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by King Yudhiṣṭhira (by King Yudhiṣṭhira, by the king of righteousness (dharma))

• प्रसेदुः (praseduḥ) - they became pleased, tranquil, appeased

• क्षणदाचराः (kṣaṇadācarāḥ) - rakṣasas (garden protectors) (night-wanderers, rakṣasas (demons))

• विदिताः (viditāḥ) - known, understood

• च (ca) - and

• कुबेरस्य (kuberasya) - of Kubera

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from there

• ते (te) - those

• नरपुङ्गवाः (narapuṅgavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (excellent men, chief among men)

• ऊषुः (ūṣuḥ) - they dwelt, resided

• न (na) - not

• अति (ati) - too much, excessively, beyond

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

• कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

• रममाणाः (ramamāṇāḥ) - enjoying, delighting themselves

• कुरूद्वहाः (kurūdvahāḥ) - O Pāṇḍavas (O descendants of Kuru)

Words meanings and morphology

सान्त्विताः (sāntvitāḥ) - consoled, comforted, appeased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāntvita

sāntvita - consoled, comforted, appeased

Past Passive Participle

From the root 'sāntv' (to soothe, comfort).

Root: sāntv (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'kṣaṇadācarāḥ'.

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by King Yudhiṣṭhira (by King Yudhiṣṭhira, by the king of righteousness (dharma))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarājan

dharmarājan - king of righteousness, King Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama

Tatpurusha compound: 'rājan' (king) of 'dharma' (righteousness).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रसेदुः (praseduḥ) - they became pleased, tranquil, appeased

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of prasad

Perfect tense

From root 'sad' (to sit, settle) with upasarga 'pra-' (forth, forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'kṣaṇadācarāḥ'.

क्षणदाचराः (kṣaṇadācarāḥ) - rakṣasas (garden protectors) (night-wanderers, rakṣasas (demons))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣaṇadācara

kṣaṇadācara - night-wanderer, rakṣasa, demon

Tatpurusha compound: 'cara' (moving) in 'kṣaṇadā' (night).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣaṇadā+cara)

• kṣaṇadā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, going
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root 'car' (to move, wander).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to the garden protectors who are rakṣasas.

विदिताः (viditāḥ) - known, understood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From the root 'vid' (to know, perceive).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'kṣaṇadācarāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कुबेरस्य (kuberasya) - of Kubera

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kubera

kubera - Kubera (god of wealth, chief of the yakṣas and guardian of the North)

Note: Indicates ownership or affiliation (these rakṣasas were Kubera's servants).

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from there

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a sequence of events.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

नरपुङ्गवाः (narapuṅgavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (excellent men, chief among men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narapuṅgava

narapuṅgava - best of men, excellent man

Tatpurusha compound: 'puṅgava' (bull, best) among 'nara' (men).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+puṅgava)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, eminent, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

ऊषुः (ūṣuḥ) - they dwelt, resided

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vas

Perfect tense

Root 'vas' (to dwell), perfect 3rd plural form.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'te narapuṅgavāḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the adverbial phrase 'ati ciram'.

अति (ati) - too much, excessively, beyond

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial prefix meaning 'too' or 'very'.

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cira

cira - long (in duration), lasting a long time

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for a long time'.

कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, duration

Note: Denotes duration, 'for (a period of) time'.

रममाणाः (ramamāṇāḥ) - enjoying, delighting themselves

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ramamāṇa

ramamāṇa - delighting oneself, enjoying, sporting

Present Middle Participle

From the root 'ram' (to play, sport, enjoy).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te narapuṅgavāḥ'.

कुरूद्वहाः (kurūdvahāḥ) - O Pāṇḍavas (O descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of kurūdvaha

kurūdvaha - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru race

Tatpurusha compound: 'udvaha' (bearing, carrying, descendant) of 'Kuru'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+udvaha)

• kuru – Kuru (an ancient king, ancestor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearing, carrying, descendant
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root 'vah' (to carry) with upasarga 'ud-'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: An address to the Pāṇḍavas (who are Kurus).