महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-153, verse-2

ततो वायुर्महाञ्शीघ्रो नीचैः शर्करकर्षणः ।
प्रादुरासीत्खरस्पर्शः संग्राममभिचोदयन् ॥२॥

2. tato vāyurmahāñśīghro nīcaiḥ śarkarakarṣaṇaḥ ,
prādurāsītkharasparśaḥ saṁgrāmamabhicodayan.

2. tataḥ vāyuḥ mahān śīghraḥ nīcaiḥ śarkarakarṣaṇaḥ
prādurāsīt kharasparśaḥ saṃgrāmam abhicodayan

2. Then a great, swift wind appeared, blowing low, dragging pebbles, and harsh to the touch, inciting the battle (saṃgrāmam).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - The physical wind. (wind, air, Vāyu (deity))

• महान् (mahān) - Describing the intensity of the wind. (great, mighty, large)

• शीघ्रः (śīghraḥ) - Describing the speed of the wind. (swift, quick, rapid)

• नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - Describing the direction or altitude of the wind. (low, downwards, softly)

• शर्करकर्षणः (śarkarakarṣaṇaḥ) - Describing the effect of the powerful wind. (dragging gravel/pebbles)

• प्रादुरासीत् (prādurāsīt) - The sudden appearance of the wind. (appeared, became manifest, arose)

• खरस्पर्शः (kharasparśaḥ) - Describing the unpleasant quality of the wind. (rough to the touch, harsh-touching)

• संग्रामम् (saṁgrāmam) - The impending battle. (battle, war, conflict)

• अभिचोदयन् (abhicodayan) - The wind acts as an omen, inciting the battle. (inciting, urging, impelling)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - The physical wind. (wind, air, Vāyu (deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, Vāyu (deity)

महान् (mahān) - Describing the intensity of the wind. (great, mighty, large)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Strong stem of mahat.

शीघ्रः (śīghraḥ) - Describing the speed of the wind. (swift, quick, rapid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīghra

śīghra - swift, quick, rapid

नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - Describing the direction or altitude of the wind. (low, downwards, softly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial form.

शर्करकर्षणः (śarkarakarṣaṇaḥ) - Describing the effect of the powerful wind. (dragging gravel/pebbles)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarkarakarṣaṇa

śarkarakarṣaṇa - dragging gravel, stirring up pebbles

Agent noun from karṣaṇa (drawing, dragging) and śarkara (gravel)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śarkara+karṣaṇa)

• śarkara – gravel, pebble, sugar
  noun (masculine)
• karṣaṇa – drawing, dragging, ploughing
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root kṛṣ 'to draw, drag'
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

प्रादुरासीत् (prādurāsīt) - The sudden appearance of the wind. (appeared, became manifest, arose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādurbhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root bhū with upasarga prādur, imperfect tense form

Prefix: prādur

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Derived from prādus + āsīt (imperfect of as, 'to be').

खरस्पर्शः (kharasparśaḥ) - Describing the unpleasant quality of the wind. (rough to the touch, harsh-touching)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kharasparśa

kharasparśa - rough to the touch, harsh-touching

Compound type : karmadhāraya (khara+sparśa)

• khara – harsh, rough, sharp
  adjective
• sparśa – touch, contact, sensation of touch
  noun (masculine)
  From root spṛś 'to touch'
  Root: spṛś (class 6)

संग्रामम् (saṁgrāmam) - The impending battle. (battle, war, conflict)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict

अभिचोदयन् (abhicodayan) - The wind acts as an omen, inciting the battle. (inciting, urging, impelling)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhicodayat

abhicodayat - inciting, urging, impelling

Present Active Participle

From root cud (to urge) with upasarga abhi, causative form codaya, present active participle

Prefix: abhi

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Derived from abhicod- + -at (present active participle suffix).