महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-153, verse-30

ते दृष्ट्वा धर्मराजानं देवर्षिं चापि लोमशम् ।
नकुलं सहदेवं च तथान्यान्ब्राह्मणर्षभान् ।
विनयेनानताः सर्वे प्रणिपेतुश्च भारत ॥३०॥

30. te dṛṣṭvā dharmarājānaṁ devarṣiṁ cāpi lomaśam ,
nakulaṁ sahadevaṁ ca tathānyānbrāhmaṇarṣabhān ,
vinayenānatāḥ sarve praṇipetuśca bhārata.

30. te dṛṣṭvā dharmarājānam devarṣim ca
api lomaśam nakulam sahadevam ca
tathā anyān brāhmaṇarṣabhān vinayena
ānatāḥ sarve praṇipetuḥ ca bhārata

30. O Bhārata, having seen King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma), the divine sage Lomaśa, Nakula, Sahadeva, and also other excellent brahmins, they all bowed with humility and prostrated themselves.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• धर्मराजानम् (dharmarājānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (King Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma))

• देवर्षिम् (devarṣim) - divine sage

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• लोमशम् (lomaśam) - Lomaśa

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

• सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - Sahadeva

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

• ब्राह्मणर्षभान् (brāhmaṇarṣabhān) - excellent brahmins, foremost brahmins

• विनयेन (vinayena) - with humility, politely, with modesty

• आनताः (ānatāḥ) - bowed down, bent low

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• प्रणिपेतुः (praṇipetuḥ) - they prostrated, bowed down respectfully

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the protectors of the garden (rakṣasas) from the previous verse.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Indeclinable past participle, denoting an action completed prior to the main verb.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धर्मराजानम् (dharmarājānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (King Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarājan

dharmarājan - king of righteousness, King Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama

Tatpurusha compound: 'rājan' (king) of 'dharma' (righteousness).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava.

देवर्षिम् (devarṣim) - divine sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devarṣi

devarṣi - divine sage, a sage of celestial origin

Tatpurusha compound: 'deva' (divine) and 'ṛṣi' (sage).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+ṛṣi)

• deva – god, divine, celestial
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

लोमशम् (lomaśam) - Lomaśa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - Lomaśa (name of a prominent sage in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Refers to the divine sage Lomaśa.

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas), mongoose

Note: One of the Pāṇḍavas.

सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - Sahadeva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: One of the Pāṇḍavas.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Functions as an adjective here, qualifying 'brāhmaṇarṣabhān'.

ब्राह्मणर्षभान् (brāhmaṇarṣabhān) - excellent brahmins, foremost brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇarṣabha

brāhmaṇarṣabha - best of brahmins, excellent brahmin

Tatpurusha compound: 'ṛṣabha' (bull, best) of 'brāhmaṇa' (brahmin).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+ṛṣabha)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, belonging to the brahmin caste
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'brahman'.
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

विनयेन (vinayena) - with humility, politely, with modesty

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vinaya

vinaya - modesty, humility, discipline, good conduct

From root 'nī' (to lead) with upasarga 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

आनताः (ānatāḥ) - bowed down, bent low

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ānata

ānata - bowed, bent, humble

Past Passive Participle

From root 'nam' (to bow, bend) with upasarga 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sarve'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to 'te' (the rakṣasas).

प्रणिपेतुः (praṇipetuḥ) - they prostrated, bowed down respectfully

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of praṇipat

Perfect tense

From root 'pat' (to fall) with upasargas 'pra-' and 'ni-'.

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'te sarve'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

Patronymic from Bharata.

Note: A common address used by the narrator, often referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya.