महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-47, verse-12

प्राग्ज्योतिषाधिपः शूरो म्लेच्छानामधिपो बली ।
यवनैः सहितो राजा भगदत्तो महारथः ॥१२॥

12. prāgjyotiṣādhipaḥ śūro mlecchānāmadhipo balī ,
yavanaiḥ sahito rājā bhagadatto mahārathaḥ.

12. prāgjyotiṣādhipaḥ śūraḥ mlecchānām adhipaḥ balī
yavanaiḥ sahitaḥ rājā bhagadattaḥ mahārathaḥ

12. The brave King Bhagadatta, ruler of Pragjyotisha, a powerful chief of the Mlecchas (foreigners) and a great charioteer, was accompanied by the Yavanas (foreigners).

Words meanings summery:

• प्राग्ज्योतिषाधिपः (prāgjyotiṣādhipaḥ) - ruler of Pragjyotisha

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic, valorous

• म्लेच्छानाम् (mlecchānām) - of the Mlecchas (foreigners, barbarians) (of the Mlecchas)

• अधिपः (adhipaḥ) - ruler, chief, lord

• बली (balī) - powerful, strong

• यवनैः (yavanaiḥ) - by/with the Yavanas (Greeks, Ionians, or other foreign tribes) (by/with the Yavanas)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, together with

• राजा (rājā) - king

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Words meanings and morphology

प्राग्ज्योतिषाधिपः (prāgjyotiṣādhipaḥ) - ruler of Pragjyotisha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāgjyotiṣādhipa

prāgjyotiṣādhipa - ruler of Pragjyotisha (a kingdom/city)

Genitive Tatpuruṣa compound: Prāgjyotiṣasya adhipaḥ

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāgjyotiṣa+adhipa)

• prāgjyotiṣa – name of an ancient kingdom/city in northeast India
  proper noun (neuter)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' (over) + root 'pā' (to protect/rule) or 'adhi' + 'pa' (protector)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to King Bhagadatta.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic, valorous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic, a warrior

Note: Adjective describing Bhagadatta.

म्लेच्छानाम् (mlecchānām) - of the Mlecchas (foreigners, barbarians) (of the Mlecchas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mleccha

mleccha - a foreigner, barbarian, non-Aryan, uncultured person

Note: Modifies 'adhipaḥ'.

अधिपः (adhipaḥ) - ruler, chief, lord

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhipa

adhipa - ruler, lord, chief

From 'adhi' (over) + root 'pā' (to protect/rule) or 'pa' (protector)

Prefix: adhi

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Bhagadatta.

बली (balī) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty, having strength

Formed from 'bala' (strength) with suffix 'in'

Note: Adjective describing Bhagadatta.

यवनैः (yavanaiḥ) - by/with the Yavanas (Greeks, Ionians, or other foreign tribes) (by/with the Yavanas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yavana

yavana - Greek, Ionian, a foreigner, a Mleccha tribe

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied, united with, connected, endowed with

From 'saha' (with) + 'ita' (suffix indicating state or possession)

Note: Adjective describing Bhagadatta, indicating he is accompanied.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: Refers to Bhagadatta.

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - Bhagadatta (proper name of a king)

Note: The main subject of the sentence.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, mighty warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a great charioteer, one whose chariot is great

Bahuvrīhi compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Title or attribute of Bhagadatta.