महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-36, verse-4

वनवासे च कौरव्यः कियन्तं कालमच्युतः ।
युधिष्ठिरो नरपतिर्न्यवसत्सजनो द्विज ॥४॥

4. vanavāse ca kauravyaḥ kiyantaṁ kālamacyutaḥ ,
yudhiṣṭhiro narapatirnyavasatsajano dvija.

4. vanavāse ca kauravyaḥ kiyantam kālam acyutaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ narapatiḥ nyavasat sajanaḥ dvija

4. ca dvija kauravyaḥ acyutaḥ narapatiḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
sajanaḥ vanavāse kiyantam kālam nyavasat

4. And, O twice-born (dvija), for how long did the Kuru prince, the infallible (acyuta) Yudhishthira, the king, reside in the forest with his people?

Words meanings summery:

• वनवासे (vanavāse) - in the forest exile (in forest dwelling, in exile in the forest)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - the Kuru prince (descendant of Kuru, Kuru prince)

• कियन्तम् (kiyantam) - for how long (duration) (how much, how long, how great)

• कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

• अच्युतः (acyutaḥ) - the infallible (acyuta) (infallible, imperishable, firm (often an epithet for Vishnu/Krishna))

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

• नरपतिः (narapatiḥ) - the king (lord of men, king)

• न्यवसत् (nyavasat) - he resided (he dwelt, he resided)

• सजनः (sajanaḥ) - with his people (with people, with his own people, accompanied by people)

• द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (dvija) (O twice-born (brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya; bird, tooth))

Words meanings and morphology

वनवासे (vanavāse) - in the forest exile (in forest dwelling, in exile in the forest)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - forest dwelling, residing in the forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence, living
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to the period of exile in the forest.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - the Kuru prince (descendant of Kuru, Kuru prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus

Patronymic from Kuru.

कियन्तम् (kiyantam) - for how long (duration) (how much, how long, how great)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kiyat

kiyat - how much, how long, how great

Note: Qualifies 'kālam'.

कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Accusative of duration.

अच्युतः (acyutaḥ) - the infallible (acyuta) (infallible, imperishable, firm (often an epithet for Vishnu/Krishna))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - infallible, imperishable, firm, not fallen

Past Passive Participle

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and P.P.P. of root 'cyu' (to fall).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cyuta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cyuta – fallen, slipped, deviated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of root 'cyu' (to fall).
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother, meaning 'firm in battle')

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, unmoving
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नरपतिः (narapatiḥ) - the king (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narapati

narapati - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+pati)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, owner, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā

Note: Appositive to Yudhishthira.

न्यवसत् (nyavasat) - he resided (he dwelt, he resided)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vas

Imperfect Tense

Third person singular, Imperfect tense, active voice, prefixed with 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: From root 'vas' (to dwell) with prefix 'ni'.

सजनः (sajanaḥ) - with his people (with people, with his own people, accompanied by people)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sajana

sajana - with people, accompanied by people

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+jana)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix 'sa-' indicating 'with'.
• jana – person, people, folk
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Yudhishthira.

द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (dvija) (O twice-born (brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya; bird, tooth))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas; also bird, tooth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced
  adjective
  From root 'jan' (to be born) + suffix 'ḍa'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Addressing the listener, likely Vaiśampāyana.