महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-36, verse-12

तेषु तत्रोपविष्टेषु स तु राजा महामतिः ।
पाण्डुपुत्रैः परिवृतो निषसाद कुरूद्वहः ॥१२॥

12. teṣu tatropaviṣṭeṣu sa tu rājā mahāmatiḥ ,
pāṇḍuputraiḥ parivṛto niṣasāda kurūdvahaḥ.

12. teṣu tatra upaviṣṭeṣu saḥ tu rājā mahāmatiḥ
pāṇḍuputraiḥ parivṛtaḥ niṣasāda kurūdvahaḥ

12. teṣu tatra upaviṣṭeṣu saḥ mahāmatiḥ kurūdvahaḥ
rājā tu pāṇḍuputraiḥ parivṛtaḥ niṣasāda

12. While they were seated there, that great-minded king, the leader of the Kurus (Yudhiṣṭhira), surrounded by the Pāṇḍavas, then also sat down.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - among them, on them

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among the already seated visitors/sages (among the seated ones, while they were seated)

• सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, so

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

• महामतिः (mahāmatiḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, who is great-minded (great-minded, highly intelligent)

• पाण्डुपुत्रैः (pāṇḍuputraiḥ) - by Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva (by the sons of Pāṇḍu, by the Pāṇḍavas)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

• कुरूद्वहः (kurūdvahaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the leader of the Kurus (leader of the Kurus, upholder of the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - among them, on them

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'upaviṣṭeṣu'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among the already seated visitors/sages (among the seated ones, while they were seated)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

viś - to enter, to sit

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √viś with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Refers to the visitors/sages.

सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king, Yudhiṣṭhira.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, so

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

महामतिः (mahāmatiḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, who is great-minded (great-minded, highly intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmati

mahāmati - great-minded, of great intellect, very wise

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• mati – mind, thought, intelligence, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From √man (to think)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

पाण्डुपुत्रैः (pāṇḍuputraiḥ) - by Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva (by the sons of Pāṇḍu, by the Pāṇḍavas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'parivṛtaḥ'.

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

vṛ - to cover, to enclose

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √vṛ (class 5) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of niṣad

Perfect Active

3rd singular Perfect Active of √ṣad with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: ṣad (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'rājā'.

कुरूद्वहः (kurūdvahaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the leader of the Kurus (leader of the Kurus, upholder of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurūdvaha

kurūdvaha - leader of the Kurus, one who upholds or carries the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+udvaha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king, also refers to his descendants and kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearer, leader, one who carries/supports
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-vah (to bear, to carry, to lead)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'rājā'.