महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-36, verse-28

राजानश्च महात्मानो नानाजनपदेश्वराः ।
आगम्य मम पुत्रार्थे सर्वे मृत्युवशं गताः ॥२८॥

28. rājānaśca mahātmāno nānājanapadeśvarāḥ ,
āgamya mama putrārthe sarve mṛtyuvaśaṁ gatāḥ.

28. rājānaḥ ca mahātmānaḥ nānājanapada-īśvarāḥ
āgamya mama putrārthe sarve mṛtyuvaśaṃ gatāḥ

28. ca sarve mahātmānaḥ nānājanapada-īśvarāḥ
rājānaḥ mama putrārthe āgamya mṛtyuvaśaṃ gatāḥ

28. And all those noble kings, rulers of various lands, having come for the sake of my son, have fallen under the dominion of death.

Words meanings summery:

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The rulers who allied with Duryodhana. (kings, rulers)

• च (ca) - Connects this statement to previous thoughts (unexpressed here). (and, also)

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - Describes the kings as honorable and powerful. (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

• नानाजनपद-ईश्वराः (nānājanapada-īśvarāḥ) - Emphasizes the wide geographical range of kings who supported Duryodhana. (lords of various countries/districts)

• आगम्य (āgamya) - Refers to their arrival to participate in the war. (having come, approaching)

• मम (mama) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, Duryodhana. (my, of me)

• पुत्रार्थे (putrārthe) - For Duryodhana's cause, specifically to help him win the war. (for the sake of a son, for the purpose of a son)

• सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the kings mentioned. (all, everyone)

• मृत्युवशं (mṛtyuvaśaṁ) - They died in the war. (under the control of death, to the power of death)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - They have died. (gone, reached, attained, succumbed)

Words meanings and morphology

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The rulers who allied with Duryodhana. (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of 'gatāḥ'.

च (ca) - Connects this statement to previous thoughts (unexpressed here). (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - Describes the kings as honorable and powerful. (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, distinguished person

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

नानाजनपद-ईश्वराः (nānājanapada-īśvarāḥ) - Emphasizes the wide geographical range of kings who supported Duryodhana. (lords of various countries/districts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānājanapadeśvara

nānājanapadeśvara - lords of various countries

Compound of 'nānā' (various), 'janapada' (country), and 'īśvara' (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānā+janapada+īśvara)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
• janapada – country, district, inhabited land
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

आगम्य (āgamya) - Refers to their arrival to participate in the war. (having come, approaching)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √gam (to go) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main action of dying.

मम (mama) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, Duryodhana. (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Possessive for 'putrārthe'.

पुत्रार्थे (putrārthe) - For Duryodhana's cause, specifically to help him win the war. (for the sake of a son, for the purpose of a son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putrārtha

putrārtha - for the sake of a son, purpose of a son

Compound of 'putra' (son) and 'artha' (purpose, sake). Locative case of 'putrārtha'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+artha)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates purpose.

सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the kings mentioned. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun.

Note: Emphasizes totality.

मृत्युवशं (mṛtyuvaśaṁ) - They died in the war. (under the control of death, to the power of death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyuvaśa

mṛtyuvaśa - sway of death, control of death

Compound of 'mṛtyu' (death) and 'vaśa' (sway, control).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+vaśa)

• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• vaśa – power, control, dominion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Object of 'gatāḥ' (often means 'reached' or 'fallen into').

गताः (gatāḥ) - They have died. (gone, reached, attained, succumbed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, passed, departed

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate for 'rājānaḥ'.