महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-22, verse-13

एवंगते तु किं शक्यं मया कर्तुमरिंदम ।
मम दोषोऽयमत्यर्थं ख्यापितो यन्न सूर्यजः ।
तन्निमित्तं महाबाहो दानं दद्यास्त्वमुत्तमम् ॥१३॥

13. evaṁgate tu kiṁ śakyaṁ mayā kartumariṁdama ,
mama doṣo'yamatyarthaṁ khyāpito yanna sūryajaḥ ,
tannimittaṁ mahābāho dānaṁ dadyāstvamuttamam.

13. evam gate tu kim śakyam mayā kartum
ariṃdama mama doṣaḥ ayam atyartham
khyāpitaḥ yat na sūryajaḥ tatnimittam
mahābāho dānam dadyāḥ tvam uttamam

13. ariṃdama tu evam gate mayā kim kartum
śakyam ayam mama atyartham doṣaḥ
yat sūryajaḥ na khyāpitaḥ tatnimittam
mahābāho tvam uttamam dānam dadyāḥ

13. O subduer of enemies, what can I do now that things have come to this? This is indeed my great fault, that the son of the sun (Karṇa) was not proclaimed. Therefore, O mighty-armed one, you should give excellent charity (dāna).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in this situation (thus, in this manner)

• गते (gate) - when things have come to this (state) (gone, happened, (when things have) come)

• तु (tu) - now that (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?, how?)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible to be done (possible, capable)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Kuntī) (by me)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do (to do, to make, to perform)

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, subduer of enemies (O subduer of enemies)

• मम (mama) - my (Kuntī's) (my, of me)

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault (fault, defect, error)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (fault) (this, he)

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - very great (exceedingly, very much, excessive)

• ख्यापितः (khyāpitaḥ) - proclaimed (proclaimed, made known, announced)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that (conjunction), because)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सूर्यजः (sūryajaḥ) - Karṇa, the son of the Sun god (son of Sūrya)

• तत्निमित्तम् (tatnimittam) - therefore (on that account, for that reason)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, the mighty-armed (O mighty-armed one)

• दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, charity, giving)

• दद्याः (dadyāḥ) - you should give

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in this situation (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies gate.

गते (gate) - when things have come to this (state) (gone, happened, (when things have) come)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, happened, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

तु (tu) - now that (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?, how?)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, why?, how?

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible to be done (possible, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done, practicable

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Derived from root śak (to be able) with suffix ya.

Root: śak (class 5)

मया (mayā) - by me (Kuntī) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Agent for kartum and śakyam.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do (to do, to make, to perform)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of kṛ

Infinitive

Formed from root kṛ (to do) + suffix tumun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, subduer of enemies (O subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, enemy-tamer

From ari (enemy) + dam (to tame, subdue).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ari+dam)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dam – taming, subduing
  verbal noun/root
  agent noun derived from root
  Root dam (to tame) + agent suffix.
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira.

मम (mama) - my (Kuntī's) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Possessive.

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault (fault, defect, error)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, sin

Derived from root duṣ (to be bad).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative.

अयम् (ayam) - this (fault) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (proximal)

Demonstrative pronoun.

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - very great (exceedingly, very much, excessive)

(indeclinable)

From ati (beyond, excessive) + artha (purpose, meaning, wealth).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+artha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

ख्यापितः (khyāpitaḥ) - proclaimed (proclaimed, made known, announced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāpita

khyāpita - proclaimed, announced, made known, taught

Causative Past Passive Participle

From causative stem of khyā (to tell, proclaim). Root khyā -> khyāpayati -> khyāpita.

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Refers to sūryajaḥ.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that (conjunction), because)

(indeclinable)

Relates to tad (that).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सूर्यजः (sūryajaḥ) - Karṇa, the son of the Sun god (son of Sūrya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūryaja

sūryaja - born of the sun, son of Sūrya

From sūrya (sun) + ja (born from).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+ja)

• sūrya – sun, Sun god
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the yat clause.

तत्निमित्तम् (tatnimittam) - therefore (on that account, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + nimitta (cause, reason). Used adverbially.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+nimitta)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• nimitta – cause, reason, mark, omen
  noun (neuter)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, the mighty-armed (O mighty-armed one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

From mahā (great) + bāhu (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira.

दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, charity, giving)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, charity, liberality

Action noun

Derived from root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Bracketed as a special term.

दद्याः (dadyāḥ) - you should give

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Root dā (3rd class, juhotyādi).

Root: dā (class 3)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of dadyāḥ.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative of ud (up) or ut.