महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-95, verse-13

अगस्त्यो यजमानोऽसौ ददात्यन्नं विमत्सरः ।
न च वर्षति पर्जन्यः कथमन्नं भविष्यति ॥१३॥

13. agastyo yajamāno'sau dadātyannaṁ vimatsaraḥ ,
na ca varṣati parjanyaḥ kathamannaṁ bhaviṣyati.

13. agastyaḥ yajamānaḥ asau dadāti annam vimatsaraḥ
na ca varṣati parjanyaḥ katham annam bhaviṣyati

13. That Agastya, the performer of the Vedic ritual, gives food without any jealousy. Yet, the rain-god does not shower rain. How will there be food?

Words meanings summery:

• अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - The sage Agastya (Agastya (a proper name))

• यजमानः (yajamānaḥ) - one who performs the Vedic ritual (sacrificer, institutor of a Vedic ritual, patron)

• असौ (asau) - that (Agastya) (that (person/thing))

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives (food) (gives, offers)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, corn, rice)

• विमत्सरः (vimatsaraḥ) - without envy (qualifying Agastya) (free from envy/jealousy/malice, unselfish)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - but (and, also, but)

• वर्षति (varṣati) - showers rain (rains, showers)

• पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - the rain-god (rain-god, cloud, rain)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, corn, rice)

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will there be (will be, will happen)

Words meanings and morphology

अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - The sage Agastya (Agastya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - Name of a celebrated Vedic sage, husband of Lopāmudrā.

यजमानः (yajamānaḥ) - one who performs the Vedic ritual (sacrificer, institutor of a Vedic ritual, patron)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajamāna

yajamāna - performer of a Vedic ritual (yajña), sacrificer, institutor

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root `yaj` (to worship, sacrifice) + `śānac` (present participle affix).

Root: yaj (class 1)

असौ (asau) - that (Agastya) (that (person/thing))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder, that one

ददाति (dadāti) - gives (food) (gives, offers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dadāti

Present Active Indicative

Third person singular, reduplicated root `dā` (dadā).

Root: dā (class 3)

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, corn, rice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, boiled rice, corn, meal

Root: ad (class 2)

विमत्सरः (vimatsaraḥ) - without envy (qualifying Agastya) (free from envy/jealousy/malice, unselfish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimatsara

vimatsara - free from envy, without jealousy, unselfish, liberal

From `vi` (prefix for absence) + `matsara` (envy, jealousy).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+matsara)

• vi – without, free from (as a prefix)
  indeclinable
• matsara – envy, jealousy, malice, selfishness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Agastya.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - but (and, also, but)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

वर्षति (varṣati) - showers rain (rains, showers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of varṣati

Present Active Indicative

Third person singular.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is `parjanyaḥ`.

पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - the rain-god (rain-god, cloud, rain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parjanya

parjanya - rain-cloud, rain-god (Indra/Vāyu), rain

Note: Subject of `varṣati`.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, corn, rice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, boiled rice, corn, meal

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Subject of `bhaviṣyati`.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will there be (will be, will happen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhaviṣyati

Future Active Indicative

Third person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)