महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-82, verse-9

न हि भीष्मस्त्वया वीर युध्यमानो निपातितः ।
शिखण्डिना तु संसक्तस्तमाश्रित्य हतस्त्वया ॥९॥

9. na hi bhīṣmastvayā vīra yudhyamāno nipātitaḥ ,
śikhaṇḍinā tu saṁsaktastamāśritya hatastvayā.

9. na hi bhīṣmaḥ tvayā vīra yudhyamānaḥ nipātitaḥ
śikhaṇḍinā tu saṃsaktaḥ tam āśritya hataḥ tvayā

9. hi vīra bhīṣmaḥ tvayā yudhyamānaḥ na nipātitaḥ
tu śikhaṇḍinā saṃsaktaḥ tam āśritya tvayā hataḥ

9. Indeed, O hero, Bhīṣma was not felled by you while he was directly fighting. Rather, you killed him by relying on Shikhaṇḍī, who was engaged with him (Bhīṣma).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper noun))

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Arjuna) (by you)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (addressed to Arjuna) (O hero, O brave one)

• युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - while fighting, engaged in battle (fighting, warring)

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - felled, struck down (felled, struck down, thrown down)

• शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Shikhaṇḍī

• तु (tu) - rather, but (but, on the other hand, however)

• संसक्तः (saṁsaktaḥ) - engaged with (Shikhaṇḍī) (attached, connected, joined, engaged with)

• तम् (tam) - him (Shikhaṇḍī) (him, that (masculine accusative))

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on, taking shelter with (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, relying on)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, slain)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Arjuna) (by you)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

negation particle

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a revered warrior, son of Śāntanu and Gaṅgā)

From root `bhīṣ` (to frighten)

Root: bhīṣ (class 10)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Arjuna) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun

Note: Agent in passive construction.

वीर (vīra) - O hero (addressed to Arjuna) (O hero, O brave one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty man

Root: vīr

युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - while fighting, engaged in battle (fighting, warring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in combat

Present Middle Participle

derived from root `yudh` (to fight), 4th class.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying `bhīṣmaḥ`.

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - felled, struck down (felled, struck down, thrown down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - thrown down, felled, killed

Past Passive Participle

`ni` (down) + root `pat` (to fall), causative `pātaya` + `ita` suffix.

Compound type : pradi tatpuruṣa (ni+pātita)

• ni – down, into
  indeclinable
  Verbal prefix.
• pātita – caused to fall, struck down
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle of causative
  From causative stem `pātaya` of root `pat`.
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicate for `bhīṣmaḥ`.

शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Shikhaṇḍī

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhaṇḍī (a character in Mahābhārata, born female but raised male, later revealing a male identity, whom Bhīṣma vowed not to fight)

from `śikhaṇḍa` (crest, tuft of hair)

Note: Instrumental here indicates association or means.

तु (tu) - rather, but (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

संसक्तः (saṁsaktaḥ) - engaged with (Shikhaṇḍī) (attached, connected, joined, engaged with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsakta

saṁsakta - attached, clinging, connected, engaged, clinging to

Past Passive Participle

`sam` (together) + root `sañj` (to cling, stick) + `kta` suffix.

Compound type : pradi tatpuruṣa (sam+sakta)

• sam – with, together, completely
  indeclinable
  Verbal prefix.
• sakta – attached, capable, joined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `sañj` (to cling, adhere)
  Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Bhīṣma).

तम् (tam) - him (Shikhaṇḍī) (him, that (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine accusative singular of `tad`.

Note: Refers to Shikhaṇḍī.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on, taking shelter with (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, relying on)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

`ā` (towards) + root `śri` (to resort to, rely on) + `lyaP` suffix.

Compound type : pradi tatpuruṣa (ā+śritya)

• ā – to, towards, until
  indeclinable
  Verbal prefix.
• śritya – having resorted to
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (gerund)
  From root `śri` (to resort to, lean on)
  Root: śri (class 1)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root `han` (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate for the implied subject (Bhīṣma).

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Arjuna) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun

Note: Agent in passive construction.