महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-82, verse-8

महाभारतयुद्धे यत्त्वया शांतनवो नृपः ।
अधर्मेण हतः पार्थ तस्यैषा निष्कृतिः कृता ॥८॥

8. mahābhāratayuddhe yattvayā śāṁtanavo nṛpaḥ ,
adharmeṇa hataḥ pārtha tasyaiṣā niṣkṛtiḥ kṛtā.

8. mahābhārata-yuddhe yat tvayā śāntanavaḥ nṛpaḥ
adharmeṇa hataḥ pārtha tasya eṣā niṣkṛtiḥ kṛtā

8. pārtha yat tvayā mahābhārata-yuddhe śāntanavaḥ nṛpaḥ adharmeṇa hataḥ,
tasya eṣā niṣkṛtiḥ kṛtā

8. Because in the Mahābhārata war, O Pārtha, the king, son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma), was killed by you through unrighteousness (adharma), this expiation has been made for him.

Words meanings summery:

• महाभारत-युद्धे (mahābhārata-yuddhe) - in the great war of the Bhāratas (in the Mahābhārata war)

• यत् (yat) - because (because, that (subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun))

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Arjuna) (by you)

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu (son of Śāntanu, descendant of Śāntanu)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (Bhīṣma) (king, ruler)

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - through unrighteousness (adharma) (by unrighteousness, by injustice, improperly)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, slain)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (addressed to Arjuna) (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

• तस्य (tasya) - for him (for Bhīṣma) (for him, of him)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (expiation) (this (feminine))

• निष्कृतिः (niṣkṛtiḥ) - expiation (expiation, atonement, purification)

• कृता (kṛtā) - made, performed (made, done, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

महाभारत-युद्धे (mahābhārata-yuddhe) - in the great war of the Bhāratas (in the Mahābhārata war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahābhārata-yuddha

mahābhārata-yuddha - the war of the Mahābhāratas, the great Bhārata war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahābhārata+yuddha)

• mahābhārata – relating to the great Bhāratas, the epic Mahābhārata
  noun (neuter)
  `mahā` (great) + `bhārata` (descendant of Bharata)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• yuddha – war, battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  From root `yudh` (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

यत् (yat) - because (because, that (subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun))

(indeclinable)

Can be a relative pronoun or a conjunction. Here, it functions as a causal conjunction.

Note: Causal conjunction.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Arjuna) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun

Note: Agent in passive construction.

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu (son of Śāntanu, descendant of Śāntanu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Śāntanu

derived from Śāntanu (proper noun)

Note: Subject of `hataḥ`.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (Bhīṣma) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

`nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector) from `pā` (to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  oblique stem for `nara`
  Root: nṛ
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root `pā` (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to `śāntanavaḥ`.

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - through unrighteousness (adharma) (by unrighteousness, by injustice, improperly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, not (dharma)

`a` (negation) + `dharma` (right, law, duty)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  from root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Means 'by means of adharma'.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root `han` (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate for `śāntanavaḥ nṛpaḥ`.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (addressed to Arjuna) (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna

Patronymic from `pṛthā`

तस्य (tasya) - for him (for Bhīṣma) (for him, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine genitive singular.

Note: Genitive case, here implying purpose or benefit ('for him').

एषा (eṣā) - this (expiation) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this (proximate demonstrative pronoun)

Feminine nominative singular of `etad`.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

निष्कृतिः (niṣkṛtiḥ) - expiation (expiation, atonement, purification)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣkṛti

niṣkṛti - expiation, atonement, purification, removal

`nis` (out) + `kṛti` (doing, making), from root `kṛ` (to do)

Compound type : pradi tatpuruṣa (nis+kṛti)

• nis – out, away, apart, without
  indeclinable
  Verbal prefix.
• kṛti – act, action, doing, making
  noun (feminine)
  from root `kṛ` (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृता (kṛtā) - made, performed (made, done, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, completed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root `kṛ` (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective modifying `niṣkṛtiḥ`.