महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-82, verse-12

पुरा हि श्रुतमेतद्वै वसुभिः कथितं मया ।
गङ्गायास्तीरमागम्य हते शांतनवे नृपे ॥१२॥

12. purā hi śrutametadvai vasubhiḥ kathitaṁ mayā ,
gaṅgāyāstīramāgamya hate śāṁtanave nṛpe.

12. purā hi śrutam etad vai vasubhiḥ kathitam mayā
gaṅgāyāḥ tīram āgamya hate śāntanave nṛpe

12. śāntanave nṛpe hate gaṅgāyāḥ tīram āgamya
vasubhiḥ etad kathitam purā hi vai mayā śrutam

12. Indeed, this was heard by me long ago, spoken by the Vasus when they came to the bank of the Gaṅgā, after the king, the son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma), had been slain.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past, before

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened to, revealed

• एतद् (etad) - this

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphatic particle)

• वसुभिः (vasubhiḥ) - by the Vasus

• कथितम् (kathitam) - told, spoken, recounted

• मया (mayā) - by me

• गङ्गायाः (gaṅgāyāḥ) - of Ganga

• तीरम् (tīram) - bank, shore, edge

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having come, having approached

• हते (hate) - when Bhīṣma was killed (when killed, having been killed)

• शान्तनवे (śāntanave) - referring to Bhīṣma (of Santanu's son)

• नृपे (nṛpe) - referring to Bhīṣma, the king/prince (in the king, when the king)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past, before

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened to, revealed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened to, revealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the verbal root √śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

एतद् (etad) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

वसुभिः (vasubhiḥ) - by the Vasus

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vasu

vasu - wealth, treasure; a class of deities (the Vasus)

कथितम् (kathitam) - told, spoken, recounted

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kathita

kathita - told, spoken, recounted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the verbal root √kath (to speak, tell).

Root: kath (class 10)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

गङ्गायाः (gaṅgāyāḥ) - of Ganga

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - Ganga, the sacred river Ganges; the goddess Gaṅgā

तीरम् (tīram) - bank, shore, edge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīra

tīra - bank, shore, edge

आगम्य (āgamya) - having come, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the verbal root √gam (to go) with the upasarga ā- and the suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

हते (hate) - when Bhīṣma was killed (when killed, having been killed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the verbal root √han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

शान्तनवे (śāntanave) - referring to Bhīṣma (of Santanu's son)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Santanu

Patronymic derived from Śāntanu.

नृपे (nṛpe) - referring to Bhīṣma, the king/prince (in the king, when the king)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

From nṛ (man) + √pā (to protect)

Root: pā (class 2)