महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-76, verse-8

तेऽसमीक्ष्यैव तं वीरमुग्रकर्माणमाहवे ।
सर्वे युयुधिरे वीरा रथस्थास्तं पदातिनम् ॥८॥

8. te'samīkṣyaiva taṁ vīramugrakarmāṇamāhave ,
sarve yuyudhire vīrā rathasthāstaṁ padātinam.

8. te asamīkṣya eva tam vīram ugrakarmāṇam āhave
sarve yuyudhire vīrāḥ rathasthāḥ tam padātinam

8. Without even properly assessing that hero of fierce deeds in battle, all those brave warriors, who were on their chariots, fought against him, who was fighting on foot.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those attacking kings (those, they)

• असमीक्ष्य (asamīkṣya) - without having seen, without having observed, without having assessed

• एव (eva) - even, only, indeed

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

• वीरम् (vīram) - Arjuna, the hero (hero, brave man)

• उग्रकर्माणम् (ugrakarmāṇam) - Arjuna, who performs fierce deeds (of fierce/terrible deeds)

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the warriors (all, everyone)

• युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - the enemy warriors (heroes, brave men)

• रथस्थाः (rathasthāḥ) - the warriors who were on chariots (standing on chariots, chariot-mounted)

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

• पदातिनम् (padātinam) - Arjuna (fighting on foot) (a foot-soldier, one on foot)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those attacking kings (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the attacking kings

असमीक्ष्य (asamīkṣya) - without having seen, without having observed, without having assessed

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive with 'a' prefix and 'lyap' suffix

from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'sam' and 'a' (negation)

Prefixes: a+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

एव (eva) - even, only, indeed

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes 'asamīkṣya'

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Refers to Arjuna

वीरम् (vīram) - Arjuna, the hero (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Root: vīr (class 10)

Note: Qualifies Arjuna

उग्रकर्माणम् (ugrakarmāṇam) - Arjuna, who performs fierce deeds (of fierce/terrible deeds)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugrakarman

ugrakarman - having fierce deeds, of terrible actions, whose actions are dreadful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ugra+karman)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, dreadful, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• karman – deed, action, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies Arjuna

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, war, conflict

locative singular of 'āhava' (masculine noun)

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Refers to the battleground

सर्वे (sarve) - all the warriors (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Qualifies 'vīrāḥ'

युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of yudh

perfect middle 3rd plural

reduplicated perfect, 3rd plural middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - the enemy warriors (heroes, brave men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Root: vīr (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'yuyudhire'

रथस्थाः (rathasthāḥ) - the warriors who were on chariots (standing on chariots, chariot-mounted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathastha

rathastha - standing on a chariot, chariot-mounted, charioteer

from 'ratha' (chariot) + 'stha' (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in/on
  adjective (masculine)
  from root 'sthā' + suffix 'ka'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vīrāḥ'

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Object of 'yuyudhire'. Refers to Arjuna.

पदातिनम् (padātinam) - Arjuna (fighting on foot) (a foot-soldier, one on foot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of padātin

padātin - foot-soldier, infantryman, one on foot

from 'pada' (foot) + 'at' (to go) + 'in' suffix

Root: at (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Arjuna)