महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-43, verse-38

न सत्यं वेद वै कश्चित्क्षेत्रज्ञस्त्वेव विन्दति ।
गुणानां गुणभूतानां यत्परं परतो महत् ॥३८॥

38. na satyaṁ veda vai kaścitkṣetrajñastveva vindati ,
guṇānāṁ guṇabhūtānāṁ yatparaṁ parato mahat.

38. na satyam veda vai kaścit kṣetrajñaḥ tu eva vindati
guṇānām guṇabhūtānām yat param parataḥ mahat

38. kaścit vai satyam na veda,
tu kṣetrajñaḥ eva guṇānām guṇabhūtānām yat param parataḥ mahat vindati

38. Indeed, no one knows the reality, but the knower of the field (kṣetrajña) alone understands that which is supreme, higher than the great (mahat) principle, and pertains to the constituents of nature and their transformations.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• सत्यम् (satyam) - the ultimate truth or reality (truth, reality, the real)

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (when preceded by 'na') (anyone, someone, a certain person)

• क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the puruṣa, the conscious self distinct from prakṛti (knower of the field, the conscious observer)

• तु (tu) - contrasting with the previous statement (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing that only the kṣetrajña knows (only, alone, just, indeed)

• विन्दति (vindati) - understands, perceives deeply (knows, finds, obtains)

• गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - referring to the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) from which prakṛti is composed (of the qualities, of the constituents of nature)

• गुणभूतानाम् (guṇabhūtānām) - of the transformations or manifestations that arise from the guṇas (of those that have become qualities, of those that have become products of the guṇas, of those subordinate to the guṇas)

• यत् (yat) - the supreme reality that the kṣetrajña knows (that which, who, what)

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• परतः (parataḥ) - superior to, transcending (from above, beyond, higher than)

• महत् (mahat) - the cosmic intellect (buddhi), the first evolute of prakṛti in Sāṃkhya philosophy (great, large, vast, the cosmic intellect/buddhi)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सत्यम् (satyam) - the ultimate truth or reality (truth, reality, the real)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, what is real, existing

Note: Object of 'veda'

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (Laṭ) of vid

Root 'vid' (2nd class, 'vetti' in singular, 'viduḥ' in plural); here 3rd singular present active

Root: vid (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (when preceded by 'na') (anyone, someone, a certain person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, a certain person

Derived from 'kim' (what/who) + 'cid' (indefinite particle)

Note: Subject of 'veda', negated by 'na'

क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the puruṣa, the conscious self distinct from prakṛti (knower of the field, the conscious observer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field, the conscious observer, soul, spirit

Compound: kṣetra (field/body) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, body, sacred place, realm
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'vindati'

तु (tu) - contrasting with the previous statement (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizing that only the kṣetrajña knows (only, alone, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

विन्दति (vindati) - understands, perceives deeply (knows, finds, obtains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (Laṭ) of vid

Root 'vid' (6th class, 'vindati')

Root: vid (class 6)

गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - referring to the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) from which prakṛti is composed (of the qualities, of the constituents of nature)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas), strand

Note: Associated with 'yat param parataḥ mahat'

गुणभूतानाम् (guṇabhūtānām) - of the transformations or manifestations that arise from the guṇas (of those that have become qualities, of those that have become products of the guṇas, of those subordinate to the guṇas)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guṇabhūta

guṇabhūta - become a quality, become subordinate, become a manifestation of the guṇas

Past Passive Participle

Compound: guṇa (quality) + bhūta (become, existed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+bhūta)

• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, happened, existed, being, element
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Associated with 'yat param parataḥ mahat'

यत् (yat) - the supreme reality that the kṣetrajña knows (that which, who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - that which, who, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the ultimate reality

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Qualifies 'yat'

परतः (parataḥ) - superior to, transcending (from above, beyond, higher than)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'para' with -tas suffix

Note: Modifies 'mahat'

महत् (mahat) - the cosmic intellect (buddhi), the first evolute of prakṛti in Sāṃkhya philosophy (great, large, vast, the cosmic intellect/buddhi)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, the cosmic intellect, buddhi

Note: Qualifies 'yat'