महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-43, verse-24

लक्षणं महतो ध्यानमव्यक्तं साधुलक्षणम् ।
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो योगो ज्ञानं संन्यासलक्षणम् ॥२४॥

24. lakṣaṇaṁ mahato dhyānamavyaktaṁ sādhulakṣaṇam ,
pravṛttilakṣaṇo yogo jñānaṁ saṁnyāsalakṣaṇam.

24. lakṣaṇam mahataḥ dhyānam avyaktam sādhulakṣaṇam
pravṛttilakṣaṇaḥ yogaḥ jñānam saṃnyāsalakṣaṇam

24. mahataḥ lakṣaṇam dhyānam avyaktam sādhulakṣaṇam
yogaḥ pravṛttilakṣaṇaḥ jñānam saṃnyāsalakṣaṇam

24. The characteristic of the Great Principle (mahat) is meditation (dhyāna); the unmanifest (avyakta) is characterized by the virtuous. The practice of (yoga) is characterized by active engagement, and knowledge is characterized by renunciation (saṃnyāsa).

Words meanings summery:

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, mark, sign, definition

• महतः (mahataḥ) - of the great, of the Great Principle, of the intellect

• ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation, contemplation

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - unmanifest, unperceived, subtle

• साधुलक्षणम् (sādhulakṣaṇam) - characterized by the virtuous, having a virtuous mark

• प्रवृत्तिलक्षणः (pravṛttilakṣaṇaḥ) - characterized by activity, having activity as its mark

• योगः (yogaḥ) - union, discipline, practice, spiritual path

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

• संन्यासलक्षणम् (saṁnyāsalakṣaṇam) - characterized by renunciation, having renunciation as its mark

Words meanings and morphology

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, mark, sign, definition

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, definition, attribute

from root √lakṣ

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

महतः (mahataḥ) - of the great, of the Great Principle, of the intellect

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, the Great Principle (cosmic intellect)

Note: Can also be masc/fem depending on context; here likely refers to a neuter principle.

ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation, contemplation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhyāna

dhyāna - meditation, contemplation, thought (dhyāna)

from root √dhyai (to meditate)

Root: dhyai (class 1)

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - unmanifest, unperceived, subtle

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, imperceptible, subtle, undeveloped (often refers to prakṛti)

Past Passive Participle

from root √añj (to anoint, reveal) with prefix vi and negative 'a'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyakta – manifested, clear, apparent
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √añj with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

साधुलक्षणम् (sādhulakṣaṇam) - characterized by the virtuous, having a virtuous mark

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sādhulakṣaṇa

sādhulakṣaṇa - characterized by the good/virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sādhu+lakṣaṇa)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, holy man
  adjective (masculine)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 1)

प्रवृत्तिलक्षणः (pravṛttilakṣaṇaḥ) - characterized by activity, having activity as its mark

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛttilakṣaṇa

pravṛttilakṣaṇa - characterized by activity or engagement

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pravṛtti+lakṣaṇa)

• pravṛtti – activity, engagement, evolution, tendency
  noun (feminine)
  from root √vṛt (to turn, be) with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 1)

योगः (yogaḥ) - union, discipline, practice, spiritual path

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, connection, discipline, practice, spiritual path (yoga)

from root √yuj (to join, unite)

Root: yuj (class 7)

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding (jñāna)

from root √jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

संन्यासलक्षणम् (saṁnyāsalakṣaṇam) - characterized by renunciation, having renunciation as its mark

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃnyāsalakṣaṇa

saṁnyāsalakṣaṇa - characterized by renunciation

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃnyāsa+lakṣaṇa)

• saṃnyāsa – renunciation, abandonment, asceticism (saṃnyāsa)
  noun (masculine)
  from root √as (to throw) with prefixes sam and ni
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: as (class 4)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 1)