महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-43, verse-19

अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि नियतं धर्मलक्षणम् ।
अहिंसालक्षणो धर्मो हिंसा चाधर्मलक्षणा ॥१९॥

19. ata ūrdhvaṁ pravakṣyāmi niyataṁ dharmalakṣaṇam ,
ahiṁsālakṣaṇo dharmo hiṁsā cādharmalakṣaṇā.

19. ataḥ ūrdhvam pravakṣyāmi niyatam dharmalakṣaṇam
ahiṃsālakṣaṇaḥ dharmaḥ hiṃsā ca adharmalakṣaṇā

19. ataḥ ūrdhvam niyatam dharmalakṣaṇam pravakṣyāmi
dharmaḥ ahiṃsālakṣaṇaḥ ca hiṃsā adharmalakṣaṇā

19. From this point forward, I will explain the fixed characteristic of natural law (dharma). Natural law (dharma) is defined by non-violence, and violence is characterized by unrighteousness (adharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, hereafter, further

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain, I will speak

• नियतम् (niyatam) - definite, fixed, certain, restrained

• धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - the characteristic/definition of (dharma)

• अहिंसालक्षणः (ahiṁsālakṣaṇaḥ) - characterized by non-violence

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), constitution, righteousness

• हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury, harm

• च (ca) - and, also

• अधर्मलक्षणा (adharmalakṣaṇā) - characterized by unrighteousness

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, hereafter, further

(indeclinable)

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain, I will speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pravac

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

नियतम् (niyatam) - definite, fixed, certain, restrained

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niyata

niyata - fixed, appointed, definite, restrained, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of 'ni-yam' (to fix, restrain)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - the characteristic/definition of (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmalakṣaṇa

dharmalakṣaṇa - characteristic of dharma, definition of dharma

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+lakṣaṇa)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, sign, definition, attribute
  noun (neuter)

अहिंसालक्षणः (ahiṁsālakṣaṇaḥ) - characterized by non-violence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ahiṃsālakṣaṇa

ahiṁsālakṣaṇa - having non-violence as a characteristic, defined by non-violence

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ahiṃsā+lakṣaṇa)

• ahiṃsā – non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness
  noun (feminine)
• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, sign, definition, attribute
  noun (neuter)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), constitution, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, cosmic order

हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury, harm

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā

hiṁsā - violence, injury, harm, mischief

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अधर्मलक्षणा (adharmalakṣaṇā) - characterized by unrighteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of adharmalakṣaṇa

adharmalakṣaṇa - having unrighteousness as a characteristic, defined by adharma

Compound type : bahuvrihi (adharma+lakṣaṇa)

• adharma – unrighteousness, injustice, unconstitutionality, vice
  noun (masculine)
• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, sign, definition, attribute
  noun (neuter)