महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-43, verse-17

राज्ञां हि विषये येषामवसीदन्ति साधवः ।
हीनास्ते स्वगुणैः सर्वैः प्रेत्यावाङ्मार्गगामिनः ॥१७॥

17. rājñāṁ hi viṣaye yeṣāmavasīdanti sādhavaḥ ,
hīnāste svaguṇaiḥ sarvaiḥ pretyāvāṅmārgagāminaḥ.

17. rājnām hi viṣaye yeṣām avasīdanti sādhavaḥ hīnāḥ
te svaguṇaiḥ sarvaiḥ pretya avāṅmārgagāminaḥ

17. yeṣām rājnām viṣaye sādhavaḥ avasīdanti te hi
sarvaiḥ svaguṇaiḥ hīnāḥ pretya avāṅmārgagāminaḥ

17. Kings in whose dominion virtuous people suffer are indeed deprived of all their own merits. After death, they travel a downward path.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्नाम् (rājnām) - of kings, of rulers

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, surely, for

• विषये (viṣaye) - in the realm, in the dominion, in the subject, in the sphere

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - of those (kings), whose

• अवसीदन्ति (avasīdanti) - they decline, they suffer, they are oppressed

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, honest people

• हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - deprived, devoid, abandoned, deficient

• ते (te) - they

• स्वगुणैः (svaguṇaiḥ) - by their own qualities, by their own virtues

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, with all

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - having departed, after death

• अवाङ्मार्गगामिनः (avāṅmārgagāminaḥ) - those who go on a downward path, destined for a lower realm

Words meanings and morphology

राज्नाम् (rājnām) - of kings, of rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, surely, for

(indeclinable)

विषये (viṣaye) - in the realm, in the dominion, in the subject, in the sphere

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - realm, dominion, territory, object of sense, subject, sphere

येषाम् (yeṣām) - of those (kings), whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yat

yat - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

अवसीदन्ति (avasīdanti) - they decline, they suffer, they are oppressed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of avasīd

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, honest people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, honest, righteous; a good person, a sage

हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - deprived, devoid, abandoned, deficient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hīna

hīna - deprived, deficient, lacking, inferior, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, to leave)

Root: hā (class 3)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

स्वगुणैः (svaguṇaiḥ) - by their own qualities, by their own virtues

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svaguṇa

svaguṇa - one's own quality, inherent virtue

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+guṇa)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, with all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

प्रेत्य (pretya) - having departed, after death

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of 'pra-iṇ' (to go forth)

Prefix: pra

Root: iṇ (class 2)

अवाङ्मार्गगामिनः (avāṅmārgagāminaḥ) - those who go on a downward path, destined for a lower realm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avāṅmārgagāmin

avāṅmārgagāmin - one who travels a downward path, destined for a lower state

Compound type : tatpurusha (avāṅmārga+gāmin)

• avāṅmārga – downward path, wrong path
  noun (masculine)
• gāmin – going, moving, one who goes or travels
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun suffix -in
  Agent noun derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)