महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-43, verse-3

न्यग्रोधो जम्बुवृक्षश्च पिप्पलः शाल्मलिस्तथा ।
शिंशपा मेषशृङ्गश्च तथा कीचकवेणवः ।
एते द्रुमाणां राजानो लोकेऽस्मिन्नात्र संशयः ॥३॥

3. nyagrodho jambuvṛkṣaśca pippalaḥ śālmalistathā ,
śiṁśapā meṣaśṛṅgaśca tathā kīcakaveṇavaḥ ,
ete drumāṇāṁ rājāno loke'sminnātra saṁśayaḥ.

3. nyagrodhaḥ jambuvṛkṣaḥ ca pippalaḥ
śālmaliḥ tathā śiṃśapā meṣaśṛṅgaḥ ca
tathā kīcakaveṇavaḥ ete drumāṇām
rājānaḥ loke asmin na atra saṃśayaḥ

3. nyagrodhaḥ jambuvṛkṣaḥ ca pippalaḥ
śālmaliḥ tathā śiṃśapā meṣaśṛṅgaḥ ca
tathā kīcakaveṇavaḥ ete asmin loke
drumāṇām rājānaḥ atra saṃśayaḥ na

3. The banyan tree, the rose-apple tree, the pipal, and similarly the silk-cotton tree; the śiṃśapā tree, the meṣaśṛṅga plant, and also the kīcaka bamboos — these are the kings among trees in this world; there is no doubt about this.

Words meanings summery:

• न्यग्रोधः (nyagrodhaḥ) - banyan tree

• जम्बुवृक्षः (jambuvṛkṣaḥ) - rose-apple tree

• च (ca) - and

• पिप्पलः (pippalaḥ) - sacred fig tree, Pipal tree

• शाल्मलिः (śālmaliḥ) - silk-cotton tree

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

• शिंशपा (śiṁśapā) - Indian Rosewood tree

• मेषशृङ्गः (meṣaśṛṅgaḥ) - a ram's horn; a specific plant (Marsdenia tenacissima)

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

• कीचकवेणवः (kīcakaveṇavaḥ) - kīcaka bamboos (a type of hollow bamboo)

• एते (ete) - these

• द्रुमाणाम् (drumāṇām) - of trees, among trees

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

Words meanings and morphology

न्यग्रोधः (nyagrodhaḥ) - banyan tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyagrodha

nyagrodha - banyan tree (Ficus indica)

जम्बुवृक्षः (jambuvṛkṣaḥ) - rose-apple tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jambuvṛkṣa

jambuvṛkṣa - rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jambu+vṛkṣa)

• jambu – rose-apple (fruit or tree)
  noun (feminine)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पिप्पलः (pippalaḥ) - sacred fig tree, Pipal tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pippala

pippala - sacred fig tree (Ficus religiosa), Pipal tree

शाल्मलिः (śālmaliḥ) - silk-cotton tree

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śālmali

śālmali - silk-cotton tree (Bombax malabaricum)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

शिंशपा (śiṁśapā) - Indian Rosewood tree

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śiṃśapā

śiṁśapā - Indian Rosewood tree (Dalbergia sissoo)

मेषशृङ्गः (meṣaśṛṅgaḥ) - a ram's horn; a specific plant (Marsdenia tenacissima)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of meṣaśṛṅga

meṣaśṛṅga - ram's horn; a plant (Marsdenia tenacissima)

Compound type : tatpurusha (meṣa+śṛṅga)

• meṣa – a ram, sheep
  noun (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

कीचकवेणवः (kīcakaveṇavaḥ) - kīcaka bamboos (a type of hollow bamboo)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kīcakaveṇu

kīcakaveṇu - a kind of hollow bamboo (kīcaka) which makes a sound when wind passes through it

Compound type : tatpurusha (kīcaka+veṇu)

• kīcaka – a specific kind of hollow bamboo
  noun (masculine)
• veṇu – bamboo, flute
  noun (masculine)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the list of trees.

द्रुमाणाम् (drumāṇām) - of trees, among trees

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of druma

druma - a tree

Note: Used with a sense of 'among'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - a king, ruler, prince

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with loke.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty