महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-36, verse-4

तमो रजस्तथा सत्त्वं गुणानेतान्प्रचक्षते ।
अन्योन्यमिथुनाः सर्वे तथान्योन्यानुजीविनः ॥४॥

4. tamo rajastathā sattvaṁ guṇānetānpracakṣate ,
anyonyamithunāḥ sarve tathānyonyānujīvinaḥ.

4. tamaḥ rajaḥ tathā sattvam guṇān etān pracakṣate
| anyonyamithunāḥ sarve tathā anyonyānujīvinaḥ

4. etān guṇān tamaḥ rajaḥ tathā sattvam (iti) pracakṣate
sarve anyonyamithunāḥ tathā anyonyānujīvinaḥ

4. They declare these attributes to be inertia (tamas), activity (rajas), and clarity (sattva). All these qualities (guṇas) are mutually conjoined and likewise interdependent for their existence.

Words meanings summery:

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of inertia or dullness (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of activity or passion (dust, passion, activity)

• तथा (tathā) - joins the list of guṇas (and, likewise, similarly)

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality (guṇa) of goodness or clarity (goodness, purity, clarity, existence)

• गुणान् (guṇān) - referring to tamas, rajas, and sattva (qualities, attributes, strands)

• एतान् (etān) - referring to the qualities (guṇas) just named (these)

• प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - (sages or scriptures) declare them thus (they call, they declare, they proclaim)

• अन्योन्यमिथुनाः (anyonyamithunāḥ) - the guṇas are never found in isolation, always mixed (mutually conjoined, mutually paired, dependent on each other)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the three guṇas (all, everyone)

• तथा (tathā) - links the two descriptions of guṇa interdependence (and, likewise, similarly)

• अन्योन्यानुजीविनः (anyonyānujīvinaḥ) - the guṇas sustain each other and cannot exist independently (mutually dependent for existence, living by one another)

Words meanings and morphology

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of inertia or dullness (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia; one of the three guṇas

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: One of the three guṇas

रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of activity or passion (dust, passion, activity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, activity; one of the three guṇas

Root: raj (class 1)

Note: One of the three guṇas

तथा (tathā) - joins the list of guṇas (and, likewise, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality (guṇa) of goodness or clarity (goodness, purity, clarity, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, reality, goodness, purity, clarity; one of the three guṇas

Root: as (class 2)

Note: One of the three guṇas

गुणान् (guṇān) - referring to tamas, rajas, and sattva (qualities, attributes, strands)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, strand, virtue

Note: Object of 'pracakṣate'

एतान् (etān) - referring to the qualities (guṇas) just named (these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun modifying 'guṇān'

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - (sages or scriptures) declare them thus (they call, they declare, they proclaim)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pracakṣ

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'sages' or 'people' in general discourse.

अन्योन्यमिथुनाः (anyonyamithunāḥ) - the guṇas are never found in isolation, always mixed (mutually conjoined, mutually paired, dependent on each other)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anyonyamithuna

anyonyamithuna - mutually conjoined, mutually paired, dependent on each other

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anyonya+mithuna)

• anyonya – mutual, each other
  pronoun (masculine)
• mithuna – pair, couple, conjunction
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'sarve'

सर्वे (sarve) - all the three guṇas (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Subject (referring to the guṇas)

तथा (tathā) - links the two descriptions of guṇa interdependence (and, likewise, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

अन्योन्यानुजीविनः (anyonyānujīvinaḥ) - the guṇas sustain each other and cannot exist independently (mutually dependent for existence, living by one another)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anyonyānujīvin

anyonyānujīvin - mutually dependent for existence, living by one another

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anyonya+anujīvin)

• anyonya – mutual, each other
  pronoun (masculine)
• anujīvin – dependent on, living by
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from anujīv
  Derived from 'anu-jīv' (to live after, to live by)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sarve'