महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-36, verse-19

वृथारम्भाश्च ये केचिद्वृथादानानि यानि च ।
वृथाभक्षणमित्येतत्तामसं वृत्तमिष्यते ॥१९॥

19. vṛthārambhāśca ye kecidvṛthādānāni yāni ca ,
vṛthābhakṣaṇamityetattāmasaṁ vṛttamiṣyate.

19. vṛthārambhāḥ ca ye kecit vṛthādānāni yāni ca
vṛthābhakṣaṇam iti etat tāmasam vṛttam iṣyate

19. ye kecit vṛthārambhāḥ ca yāni ca vṛthādānāni
vṛthābhakṣaṇam iti etat tāmasam vṛttam iṣyate

19. Whatever useless undertakings, and whichever useless gifts (dāna), and useless eating – this is indeed considered conduct pertaining to `tamas` (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• वृथारम्भाः (vṛthārambhāḥ) - useless undertakings, vain efforts

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - which, whoever

• केचित् (kecit) - some, any, whatever

• वृथादानानि (vṛthādānāni) - useless gifts (dāna), vain donations

• यानि (yāni) - which, whatever

• च (ca) - and, also

• वृथाभक्षणम् (vṛthābhakṣaṇam) - useless eating, vain consumption

• इति (iti) - this is what is meant by (thus, so, in this way)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding list) (this, that)

• तामसम् (tāmasam) - conduct characteristic of `tamas` (tamas) (pertaining to `tamas`, dark, ignorant)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, course of action

• इष्यते (iṣyate) - is considered, is regarded as (is desired, is wished, is sought, is considered)

Words meanings and morphology

वृथारम्भाः (vṛthārambhāḥ) - useless undertakings, vain efforts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛthārambha

vṛthārambha - useless undertaking, vain effort

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛthā+ārambha)

• vṛthā – in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly
  indeclinable
• ārambha – undertaking, beginning, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `ā-rabh` (to begin).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √rabh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

केचित् (kecit) - some, any, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka-cid

ka-cid - some, any, whatever, whoever

Indefinite pronoun formed by adding `cid` to `ka` (who/what).

वृथादानानि (vṛthādānāni) - useless gifts (dāna), vain donations

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vṛthādāna

vṛthādāna - useless gift (dāna), vain donation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛthā+dāna)

• vṛthā – in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly
  indeclinable
• dāna – gift, donation, giving
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `√dā` (to give).
  Root: √dā (class 1)

यानि (yāni) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वृथाभक्षणम् (vṛthābhakṣaṇam) - useless eating, vain consumption

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛthābhakṣaṇa

vṛthābhakṣaṇa - useless eating, vain consumption

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛthā+bhakṣaṇa)

• vṛthā – in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly
  indeclinable
• bhakṣaṇa – eating, consuming, feeding
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun / Action noun
  Derived from `√bhakṣ` (to eat).
  Root: √bhakṣ (class 10)

इति (iti) - this is what is meant by (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding list) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

तामसम् (tāmasam) - conduct characteristic of `tamas` (tamas) (pertaining to `tamas`, dark, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - pertaining to `tamas` (tamas), dark, ignorant, dull

Derived from `tamas` with the `aṇ` suffix, indicating 'belonging to' or 'produced from'.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, course of action

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, occurrence, event

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `√vṛt` (to turn, exist).

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

इष्यते (iṣyate) - is considered, is regarded as (is desired, is wished, is sought, is considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of iṣ

Root: √iṣ (class 4)