महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-36, verse-31

शूद्रयोनिमतिक्रम्य ये चान्ये तामसा गुणाः ।
स्रोतोमध्ये समागम्य वर्तन्ते तामसे गुणे ॥३१॥

31. śūdrayonimatikramya ye cānye tāmasā guṇāḥ ,
srotomadhye samāgamya vartante tāmase guṇe.

31. śūdrayonim atikramya ye ca anye tāmasāḥ guṇāḥ
srotomadhye samāgamya vartante tāmase guṇe

31. ye ca anye tāmasāḥ guṇāḥ śūdrayonim atikramya
srotomadhye samāgamya tāmase guṇe vartante

31. And those other individuals who, having transcended the birth-state of a śūdra, and whose qualities (guṇa) are primarily those of dullness (tamas), having converged in the flow (of transmigration), remain absorbed in the tamasic quality (guṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• शूद्रयोनिम् (śūdrayonim) - the birth-state of a śūdra (a śūdra's womb, a śūdra birth-state)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having transcended (having passed beyond, having transgressed, having overcome)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्ये (anye) - other (individuals) (other, different)

• तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - primarily characterized by dullness (tamas) (pertaining to tamas, dull, ignorant, dark, associated with the quality of dullness (tamas))

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇa) (referring to the three guṇas in Sāṅkhya philosophy) (qualities, constituents, properties, strands, virtues)

• स्रोतोमध्ये (srotomadhye) - in the flow (of transmigration/existence) (in the middle of the stream, in the flow)

• समागम्य (samāgamya) - having converged (having come together, having met, having joined)

• वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they remain absorbed (they exist, they are, they dwell, they continue)

• तामसे (tāmase) - in the quality of dullness (tamas) (in the tamasic, in the dark, in the ignorant)

• गुणे (guṇe) - in that quality (guṇa) (in the quality, in the constituent)

Words meanings and morphology

शूद्रयोनिम् (śūdrayonim) - the birth-state of a śūdra (a śūdra's womb, a śūdra birth-state)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śūdrayoni

śūdrayoni - womb of a śūdra, origin as a śūdra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+yoni)

• śūdra – a member of the fourth social class (varṇa)
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, source, birth, species
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yu (class 2)

Note: Object of 'atikramya'.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having transcended (having passed beyond, having transgressed, having overcome)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root kram (to step, go) with prefix ati- and suffix -ya

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound action with the main verb 'vartante'.

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the implied agents.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अन्ये (anye) - other (individuals) (other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Refers to individuals distinct from those mentioned previously.

तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - primarily characterized by dullness (tamas) (pertaining to tamas, dull, ignorant, dark, associated with the quality of dullness (tamas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāmasa

tāmasa - dark, ignorant, dull, pertaining to tamas (guṇa)

Derived from tamas with suffix -a

Note: Qualifies 'guṇāḥ' in the sense of 'individuals whose qualities are tāmasic'.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇa) (referring to the three guṇas in Sāṅkhya philosophy) (qualities, constituents, properties, strands, virtues)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, constituent (guṇa), attribute, virtue, strand

Note: Here refers to individuals characterized by certain qualities (guṇas).

स्रोतोमध्ये (srotomadhye) - in the flow (of transmigration/existence) (in the middle of the stream, in the flow)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of srotomadhya

srotomadhya - middle of the stream, in the current

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (srotas+madhya)

• srotas – stream, current, flow
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sru (class 1)
• madhya – middle, midst, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the flow of worldly existence (saṃsāra).

समागम्य (samāgamya) - having converged (having come together, having met, having joined)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefixes sam- and ā- and suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound action with 'vartante'.

वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they remain absorbed (they exist, they are, they dwell, they continue)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present tense, 3rd person plural, Ātmanepada

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

तामसे (tāmase) - in the quality of dullness (tamas) (in the tamasic, in the dark, in the ignorant)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - dark, ignorant, dull, pertaining to tamas (guṇa)

Derived from tamas with suffix -a

Note: Qualifies 'guṇe'.

गुणे (guṇe) - in that quality (guṇa) (in the quality, in the constituent)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, constituent (guṇa), attribute, virtue, strand

Note: Object of 'vartante' (in the sense of remaining in a state).