महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-36, verse-1

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
तदव्यक्तमनुद्रिक्तं सर्वव्यापि ध्रुवं स्थिरम् ।
नवद्वारं पुरं विद्यात्त्रिगुणं पञ्चधातुकम् ॥१॥

1. brahmovāca ,
tadavyaktamanudriktaṁ sarvavyāpi dhruvaṁ sthiram ,
navadvāraṁ puraṁ vidyāttriguṇaṁ pañcadhātukam.

1. brahmā uvāca | tat avyaktam anudriktam sarvavyāpi dhruvam
sthiram | navadvāram puram vidyāt triguṇam pañcadātukam

1. brahmā uvāca tat avyaktam anudriktam sarvavyāpi dhruvam
sthiram (idam) puram navadvāram triguṇam pañcadātukam vidyāt

1. Brahmā said: One should understand that unmanifest (brahman) as immutable, all-pervading, constant, and stable. The body is to be known as a city with nine gates, composed of the three qualities (guṇas), and consisting of five constituents.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तत् (tat) - referring to the ultimate reality or brahman (that, it)

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - referring to the unmanifest (brahman) (unmanifest, unexpressed, subtle)

• अनुद्रिक्तम् (anudriktam) - referring to the unmanifest (brahman) as immutable (unexcelled, not expanded, immutable)

• सर्वव्यापि (sarvavyāpi) - all-pervading

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - constant, firm, fixed

• स्थिरम् (sthiram) - stable, steady, firm

• नवद्वारम् (navadvāram) - The body as a nine-gated city (nine-gated)

• पुरम् (puram) - metaphor for the human body (city, fortified town)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

• त्रिगुणम् (triguṇam) - composed of the three (guṇas) - sattva, rajas, tamas (consisting of three qualities, three-stranded)

• पञ्चदातुकम् (pañcadātukam) - composed of the five gross elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether) (consisting of five elements/constituents)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmā

brahmā - Brahmā (the creator god)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - referring to the ultimate reality or brahman (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - referring to the unmanifest (brahman) (unmanifest, unexpressed, subtle)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unexpressed, subtle

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'vi-añj' (to manifest) with 'a' (negative prefix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyakta – manifest, expressed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'vi-añj'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'tat'

अनुद्रिक्तम् (anudriktam) - referring to the unmanifest (brahman) as immutable (unexcelled, not expanded, immutable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anudrikta

anudrikta - unexcelled, not expanded, immutable

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'ud-ric' (to exceed, to expand) with 'an' (negative prefix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+udrikta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• udrikta – exceeded, expanded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'ud-ric'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'tat'

सर्वव्यापि (sarvavyāpi) - all-pervading

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarvavyāpin

sarvavyāpin - all-pervading

Compound type : bahuvrīhi / tatpuruṣa (sarva+vyāpin)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (neuter)
• vyāpin – pervading
  adjective (neuter)
  Active participle
  Derived from 'vi-āp' (to pervade)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'tat' (ends in -i because of sandhi with following dhruvam, but base is -in)

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - constant, firm, fixed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhruva

dhruva - constant, firm, fixed

Note: Modifies 'tat'

स्थिरम् (sthiram) - stable, steady, firm

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthira

sthira - stable, steady, firm

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tat'

नवद्वारम् (navadvāram) - The body as a nine-gated city (nine-gated)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of navadvāra

navadvāra - nine-gated

Compound type : dvigu/bahuvrīhi (navan+dvāra)

• navan – nine
  numeral
• dvāra – gate, door, opening
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dvṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'puram'

पुरम् (puram) - metaphor for the human body (city, fortified town)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, fortified town, body (metaphor)

Note: Object of 'vidyāt'

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Implies an agent, 'one should'

त्रिगुणम् (triguṇam) - composed of the three (guṇas) - sattva, rajas, tamas (consisting of three qualities, three-stranded)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of triguṇa

triguṇa - composed of three qualities (guṇas), three-stranded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/dvigu (tri+guṇa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, strand, constituent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'puram'

पञ्चदातुकम् (pañcadātukam) - composed of the five gross elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether) (consisting of five elements/constituents)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcadātuka

pañcadātuka - consisting of five elements/constituents

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/dvigu (pañcan+dhātu)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• dhātu – element, constituent, root
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'puram'