महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-67, verse-15

यम उवाच ।
शृणु तत्त्वेन विप्रर्षे प्रदानविधिमुत्तमम् ।
तिलाः परमकं दानं पुण्यं चैवेह शाश्वतम् ॥१५॥

15. yama uvāca ,
śṛṇu tattvena viprarṣe pradānavidhimuttamam ,
tilāḥ paramakaṁ dānaṁ puṇyaṁ caiveha śāśvatam.

15. yamaḥ uvāca śṛṇu tattvena viprarṣe pradānavidhim
uttamam tilāḥ paramakam dānam puṇyam ca eva iha śāśvatam

15. yamaḥ uvāca.
viprarṣe,
tattvena uttamam pradānavidhim śṛṇu.
tilāḥ paramakam dānam,
ca iha eva śāśvatam पुण्यम्.

15. Yama said: 'Listen, O brahmin sage, to the truth regarding the excellent procedure for giving gifts. Sesame seeds are the supreme gift (dāna), and in this world, they bestow eternal merit (puṇya).'

Words meanings summery:

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the speaker) (Yama, the god of death and justice)

• उवाच (uvāca) - He said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - Listen, hear

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - Truly, in essence, in reality, according to truth

• विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - O brahmin sage, O sage among brahmins

• प्रदानविधिम् (pradānavidhim) - The method of giving, the procedure for donation

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - Excellent, best, supreme

• तिलाः (tilāḥ) - Sesame seeds

• परमकम् (paramakam) - Supreme, highest, best

• दानम् (dānam) - gift (dāna) (Gift, donation, giving)

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit (puṇya) (Merit, virtue, auspicious deed)

• च (ca) - And

• एव (eva) - Indeed, only, just, right

• इह (iha) - Here, in this world

• शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - Eternal, perpetual, everlasting

Words meanings and morphology

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the speaker) (Yama, the god of death and justice)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), a twin, restraint

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'said'.

उवाच (uvāca) - He said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - Listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - Truly, in essence, in reality, according to truth

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'with truth' or 'truthfully'.

विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - O brahmin sage, O sage among brahmins

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viprarṣi

viprarṣi - a brahmin sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (vipra+ṛṣi)

• vipra – a brahmin, a sage
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the brahmin addressed by Yama.

प्रदानविधिम् (pradānavidhim) - The method of giving, the procedure for donation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pradānavidhi

pradānavidhi - method of giving, procedure of donation

Compound type : tatpurusha (pradāna+vidhi)

• pradāna – giving, donation, offering
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From pra- + dā (to give), with suffix -ana
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)
• vidhi – rule, method, procedure, ordinance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of śṛṇu.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - Excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative of ud- (up, out)

Prefix: ud

Root: tam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pradānavidhim.

तिलाः (tilāḥ) - Sesame seeds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tila

tila - sesame, sesame seed

Note: Subject of implied 'are'.

परमकम् (paramakam) - Supreme, highest, best

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paramaka

paramaka - most excellent, chief, supreme

Derived from parama (highest) with suffix -ka

Note: Agrees with dānam.

दानम् (dānam) - gift (dāna) (Gift, donation, giving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, act of giving

action noun

From root dā (to give), with suffix -ana

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative for tilāḥ.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit (puṇya) (Merit, virtue, auspicious deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, good deed, auspicious

Note: Predicate nominative for tilāḥ.

च (ca) - And

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - Indeed, only, just, right

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

इह (iha) - Here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb.

शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - Eternal, perpetual, everlasting

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, constant

Note: Agrees with puṇyam.