महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-13, chapter-32, verse-21
ब्राह्मणास्त्रिषु लोकेषु ये त्रिवर्गमनुष्ठिताः ।
अलोलुपाः पुण्यशीलास्तान्नमस्यामि केशव ॥२१॥
अलोलुपाः पुण्यशीलास्तान्नमस्यामि केशव ॥२१॥
21. brāhmaṇāstriṣu lokeṣu ye trivargamanuṣṭhitāḥ ,
alolupāḥ puṇyaśīlāstānnamasyāmi keśava.
alolupāḥ puṇyaśīlāstānnamasyāmi keśava.
21.
brāhmaṇāḥ triṣu lokeṣu ye trivargam anuṣṭhitāḥ
alolupāḥ puṇyaśīlāḥ tān namasyāmi keśava
alolupāḥ puṇyaśīlāḥ tān namasyāmi keśava
21.
keśava triṣu lokeṣu ye brāhmaṇāḥ trivargam
anuṣṭhitāḥ alolupāḥ puṇyaśīlāḥ tān namasyāmi
anuṣṭhitāḥ alolupāḥ puṇyaśīlāḥ tān namasyāmi
21.
O Keśava, I revere those brahmins in the three worlds who are devoted to the three aims of human life—righteous conduct (dharma), prosperity, and pleasure—who are free from greed, and are of virtuous character.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - those belonging to the brahmin class (Brahmins)
- त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three (in three)
- लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds (heaven, earth, underworld) (in the worlds, in the regions)
- ये (ye) - those (brahmins) who (who, those who)
- त्रिवर्गम् (trivargam) - the three aims of human life (righteous conduct, prosperity, and pleasure) (the group of three, the triad)
- अनुष्ठिताः (anuṣṭhitāḥ) - devoted to, practicing (established, performed, devoted to, practicing)
- अलोलुपाः (alolupāḥ) - free from greed (non-greedy, free from covetousness)
- पुण्यशीलाः (puṇyaśīlāḥ) - of virtuous character (of virtuous character, pious)
- तान् (tān) - them (the brahmins) (them, those)
- नमस्यामि (namasyāmi) - I revere (I bow, I revere, I salute)
- केशव (keśava) - O Keśava (an epithet of Krishna) (O Keśava, O Krishna)
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - those belonging to the brahmin class (Brahmins)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to brahman
From brahman + -a (secondary derivation)
Root: bṛh
त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three (in three)
(numeral)
लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds (heaven, earth, underworld) (in the worlds, in the regions)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of loka
loka - world, universe, region, people
Root: lok (class 1)
ये (ye) - those (brahmins) who (who, those who)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - which, who, what, whatever
Note: Refers to `brāhmaṇāḥ`.
त्रिवर्गम् (trivargam) - the three aims of human life (righteous conduct, prosperity, and pleasure) (the group of three, the triad)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of trivarga
trivarga - group of three, triad; the three pursuits of human life (dharma, artha, kama)
Compound type : dvigu (tri+varga)
- tri – three
numeral - varga – group, class, division
noun (masculine)
अनुष्ठिताः (anuṣṭhitāḥ) - devoted to, practicing (established, performed, devoted to, practicing)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of anuṣṭhita
anuṣṭhita - accomplished, practiced, established, performed
Past Passive Participle
From root sthā (to stand) with prefix anu (after, along)
Prefix: anu
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Qualifies `brāhmaṇāḥ` (implied `ye`).
अलोलुपाः (alolupāḥ) - free from greed (non-greedy, free from covetousness)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of alolupa
alolupa - not covetous, not greedy, not agitated
Negative prefix 'a' + 'lolupa' (covetous). Lolupa is from root lup (to break, disturb) or lū (to cut).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+lolupa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - lolupa – greedy, covetous, eager, unsteady
adjective
Reduplicated form, expressing intensity.
Root: lup (class 6)
Note: Qualifies `brāhmaṇāḥ`.
पुण्यशीलाः (puṇyaśīlāḥ) - of virtuous character (of virtuous character, pious)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of puṇyaśīla
puṇyaśīla - virtuous, pious, good-natured
Compound of puṇya (merit, virtue) and śīla (character, nature).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (puṇya+śīla)
- puṇya – virtuous, pure, meritorious; merit, virtue
noun/adjective (neuter) - śīla – character, nature, habit, conduct, moral disposition
noun (masculine)
Root: śīl (class 1)
Note: Qualifies `brāhmaṇāḥ`.
तान् (tān) - them (the brahmins) (them, those)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
नमस्यामि (namasyāmi) - I revere (I bow, I revere, I salute)
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of namasya
Denominative verb from 'namas'
Formed from the noun 'namas' (reverence) with the denominative suffix -sya.
Root: nam (class 1)
केशव (keśava) - O Keśava (an epithet of Krishna) (O Keśava, O Krishna)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of keśava
keśava - having fine hair; an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna
Possibly derived from 'keśa' (hair) + 'va' (having) or from slaying the demon Keśī.