महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-32, verse-18

home » Scriptures Library » Mahabharata

View complete chapter

निर्ममा निष्प्रतिद्वंद्वा निर्ह्रीका निष्प्रयोजनाः ।
अहिंसानिरता ये च ये च सत्यव्रता नराः ।
दान्ताः शमपराश्चैव तान्नमस्यामि केशव ॥१८॥

18. nirmamā niṣpratidvaṁdvā nirhrīkā niṣprayojanāḥ ,
ahiṁsāniratā ye ca ye ca satyavratā narāḥ ,
dāntāḥ śamaparāścaiva tānnamasyāmi keśava.

18. nirmamāḥ niṣpratidvandvāḥ nirhrīkāḥ
niṣprayojanāḥ ahiṃsāniratāḥ ye ca
ye ca satyavratāḥ narāḥ dāntāḥ
śamaparāḥ ca eva tān namasyāmi keśava

18. keśava ye narāḥ nirmamāḥ niṣpratidvandvāḥ
nirhrīkāḥ niṣprayojanāḥ ca
ahiṃsāniratāḥ ye ca satyavratāḥ
dāntāḥ ca eva śamaparāḥ tān namasyāmi

18. O Keśava, I salute those people who are free from possessiveness, unburdened by dualities, unconcerned with social judgments, free from personal aims, devoted to non-violence (ahiṃsā), truthful in their observances, self-controlled, and supremely dedicated to inner peace.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

निर्ममाः (nirmamāḥ) - free from possessiveness (free from possessiveness, selfless)

निष्प्रतिद्वन्द्वाः (niṣpratidvandvāḥ) - unburdened by dualities (without rivals, free from dualities/conflicts)

निर्ह्रीकाः (nirhrīkāḥ) - unconcerned with social judgments (without shame, unconcerned with shame or social convention)

निष्प्रयोजनाः (niṣprayojanāḥ) - free from personal aims (without purpose, without personal aim, disinterested)

अहिंसानिरताः (ahiṁsāniratāḥ) - devoted to non-violence (ahiṃsā) (devoted to non-violence)

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

ये (ye) - and who (implied) (who, those who)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

सत्यव्रताः (satyavratāḥ) - truthful in their observances (truthful in vows, firm in observances)

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled (self-controlled, subdued)

शमपराः (śamaparāḥ) - supremely dedicated to inner peace (supremely peaceful, devoted to tranquility)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the previous qualities) (indeed, only, certainly)

तान् (tān) - them (those, them)

नमस्यामि (namasyāmi) - I salute (I bow down, I salute)

केशव (keśava) - O Keśava (O Keśava (Krishna))

Words meanings and morphology

निर्ममाः (nirmamāḥ) - free from possessiveness (free from possessiveness, selfless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirmama

nirmama - free from the sense of "mine", selfless, disinterested

Compound with nis (without) and mama (mine).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+mama)

nis – out, forth, without, negation
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix.
mama – mine, my
pronoun
Genitive singular of 'I' (aham). Used substantively as 'mine-ness'.

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

निष्प्रतिद्वन्द्वाः (niṣpratidvandvāḥ) - unburdened by dualities (without rivals, free from dualities/conflicts)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣpratidvandva

niṣpratidvandva - without an adversary, free from pairs of opposites, without conflict

Compound with nis (without).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+pratidvandva)

nis – out, forth, without, negation
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix.
pratidvandva – adversary, opponent, rival, pair of opposites (duality)
noun (masculine)
From prati + dvandva.
Prefix: prati

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

निर्ह्रीकाः (nirhrīkāḥ) - unconcerned with social judgments (without shame, unconcerned with shame or social convention)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirhrīka

nirhrīka - shameless, impudent, (in a spiritual context) beyond conventional shame or propriety

Compound with nis (without) and hrīka (shame).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+hrīka)

nis – out, forth, without, negation
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix.
hrīka – shame, modesty
noun (neuter)
From √hrī (to be ashamed).
Root: hrī (class 3)

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

निष्प्रयोजनाः (niṣprayojanāḥ) - free from personal aims (without purpose, without personal aim, disinterested)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣprayojana

niṣprayojana - without motive, without object or purpose, disinterested

Compound with nis (without).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+prayojana)

nis – out, forth, without, negation
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix.
prayojana – motive, purpose, object, utility
noun (neuter)
From pra-√yuj (to join, apply) + ana.
Prefix: pra
Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

अहिंसानिरताः (ahiṁsāniratāḥ) - devoted to non-violence (ahiṃsā) (devoted to non-violence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ahiṃsānirata

ahiṁsānirata - engaged in non-violence, devoted to non-injury

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ahiṃsā+nirata)

ahiṃsā – non-violence, non-injury
noun (feminine)
Negative prefix a + hiṃsā (violence). From a + √hiṃs.
Prefix: a
Root: hiṃs (class 10)
nirata – engaged in, devoted to, absorbed in
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From ni-√ram (to delight, stop) with 'ni' as prefix meaning 'into' or 'deeply'.
Prefix: ni
Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to narāḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

ये (ye) - and who (implied) (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to narāḥ. Repetition for emphasis or enumeration of qualities.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सत्यव्रताः (satyavratāḥ) - truthful in their observances (truthful in vows, firm in observances)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satyavrata

satyavrata - observing truth, truthful in vows, firm in religious observances

Compound of satya (truth) and vrata (vow, observance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vrata)

satya – truth, true, real
noun/adjective (neuter)
From sat (being, existing).
Root: as (class 2)
vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: The main noun being modified by the preceding adjectives.

दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled (self-controlled, subdued)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, disciplined, subdued, tamed

Past Passive Participle

From √dam (to tame, control) + kta.

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

शमपराः (śamaparāḥ) - supremely dedicated to inner peace (supremely peaceful, devoted to tranquility)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śamapara

śamapara - intent on tranquility, supremely peaceful

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śama+para)

śama – tranquility, quietude, inner peace, calmness
noun (masculine)
From √śam (to be calm, quiet).
Root: śam (class 1)
para – supreme, highest, chief, devoted to
adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies narāḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the previous qualities) (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

तान् (tān) - them (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.