महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-32, verse-4

बहुमानः परः केषु भवतो यान्नमस्यसि ।
शक्यं चेच्छ्रोतुमिच्छामि ब्रूह्येतद्धर्मवित्तम ॥४॥

4. bahumānaḥ paraḥ keṣu bhavato yānnamasyasi ,
śakyaṁ cecchrotumicchāmi brūhyetaddharmavittama.

4. bahumānaḥ paraḥ keṣu bhavataḥ yān namasyasi śakyam
cet śrotum icchāmi brūhi etat dharma-vittama

4. bhavataḥ bahumānaḥ paraḥ keṣu yān namasyasi cet śakyam śrotum icchāmi he dharma-vittama,
etat brūhi

4. Towards whom do you show such great reverence that you bow down to them? If it is possible, I wish to hear this. Please explain this to me, O best among those who understand (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• बहुमानः (bahumānaḥ) - great respect, high esteem, reverence

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, utmost (supreme, highest, excellent, other, ultimate)

• केषु (keṣu) - among whom, towards whom

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - by you (referring to Nārada) (of you, by you, your)

• यान् (yān) - whom (plural)

• नमस्यसि (namasyasi) - you salute, you worship, you bow down to

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

• चेत् (cet) - if

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, in order to hear

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• एतत् (etat) - this

• धर्म-वित्तम (dharma-vittama) - O best among those who understand (dharma) (O best among those who know natural law/constitution/intrinsic nature)

Words meanings and morphology

बहुमानः (bahumānaḥ) - great respect, high esteem, reverence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahumāna

bahumāna - great respect, high esteem, reverence

Compound type : tatpurusha (bahu+māna)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• māna – respect, honor, measure, pride
  noun (masculine)
  From root mā (to measure, compare, be like).
  Root: mā (class 3)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, utmost (supreme, highest, excellent, other, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, other, next, ultimate

केषु (keṣu) - among whom, towards whom

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - by you (referring to Nārada) (of you, by you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, your lordship, you (respectful second person pronoun)

Present active participle (often used as a respectful pronoun).

From root bhū (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the person being addressed, which is Nārada.

यान् (yān) - whom (plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun connecting to keṣu.

नमस्यसि (namasyasi) - you salute, you worship, you bow down to

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of namasya

Denominative verb from namas (salutation).

Formed by adding -sya to the noun namas.

Root: namas (class 1)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, fit

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root śak (to be able), suffix -ya.

Root: śak (class 5)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, in order to hear

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root śru (to hear), suffix -tum.

Root: śru (class 5)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present tense.

Root iṣ, class 6, with reduplication iṣa becomes iccha in the present stem.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative.

Root brū, class 2.

Root: brū (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

धर्म-वित्तम (dharma-vittama) - O best among those who understand (dharma) (O best among those who know natural law/constitution/intrinsic nature)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid+tama)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – one who knows, knowing, wise
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from vid (to know).
  From root vid, suffix kvip.
  Root: vid (class 2)
• tama – most, best (superlative suffix)
  suffix
  Superlative suffix.