महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-4

भीष्म उवाच ।
श्रद्धापूतो नरस्तात दुर्दान्तोऽपि न संशयः ।
पूतो भवति सर्वत्र किं पुनस्त्वं महीपते ॥४॥

4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śraddhāpūto narastāta durdānto'pi na saṁśayaḥ ,
pūto bhavati sarvatra kiṁ punastvaṁ mahīpate.

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śraddhāpūtaḥ naraḥ tāta durdāntaḥ api na
saṃśayaḥ pūtaḥ bhavati sarvatra kim punaḥ tvam mahīpate

4. Bhīṣma said, "O dear son, a person purified by faith (śraddhā) becomes pure in all circumstances, even if they are difficult to control (durdāntaḥ) – there is no doubt about this. What then, O King, can be said of you?"

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (Bhīṣma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma said (said, spoke)

• श्रद्धापूतः (śraddhāpūtaḥ) - a person purified by their faith (śraddhā) (purified by faith (śraddhā))

• नरः (naraḥ) - any person (a man, a person)

• तात (tāta) - An affectionate address, often translated as 'dear son' or 'my dear'. (O dear one, O son, O father)

• दुर्दान्तः (durdāntaḥ) - a person whose senses are difficult to control (difficult to subdue, uncontrollable)

• अपि (api) - even if they are difficult to control (even, also, too)

• न (na) - there is no doubt (not, no)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - there is no doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

• पूतः (pūtaḥ) - becomes pure (purified, cleansed)

• भवति (bhavati) - he becomes pure (becomes, is)

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - in all circumstances (everywhere, in all places/circumstances)

• किम् (kim) - what (then to say)? (what?)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - what more (can be said)? (again, moreover, but)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you)

• महीपते (mahīpate) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as king. (O lord of the earth, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (Bhīṣma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; a proper name, the son of Śāntanu

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active third person singular

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Archaic perfect form for 'to speak'.

श्रद्धापूतः (śraddhāpūtaḥ) - a person purified by their faith (śraddhā) (purified by faith (śraddhā))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śraddhāpūta

śraddhāpūta - purified by faith (śraddhā)

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (śraddhā+pūta)

• śraddhā – faith, trust, confidence, reverence
  noun (feminine)
  From śrat (heart) + dhā (to place)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• pūta – purified, clean, holy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pū (to purify)
  Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Adjective for naraḥ.

नरः (naraḥ) - any person (a man, a person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तात (tāta) - An affectionate address, often translated as 'dear son' or 'my dear'. (O dear one, O son, O father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear, beloved (term of endearment)

Note: Bhīṣma addressing Yudhiṣṭhira.

दुर्दान्तः (durdāntaḥ) - a person whose senses are difficult to control (difficult to subdue, uncontrollable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdānta

durdānta - difficult to subdue, unruly, untamed, uncontrolled

From dur (bad, difficult) + dānta (subdued, controlled)

Compound type : pra-tatpuruṣa (dur+dānta)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• dānta – subdued, controlled, tamed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dam (to tame, control)
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Adjective for naraḥ.

अपि (api) - even if they are difficult to control (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with durdāntaḥ to mean 'even if difficult to control'.

न (na) - there is no doubt (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - there is no doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

From sam (together) + śī (to lie) + aya (suffix) or from sam (together) + śaṅk (to doubt)

Prefix: sam

Root: śī/śaṅk (class 2)

Note: Subject of the negative statement.

पूतः (pūtaḥ) - becomes pure (purified, cleansed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūta

pūta - purified, clean, holy

Past Passive Participle

From root pū (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective with bhavati.

भवति (bhavati) - he becomes pure (becomes, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present active third person singular

From root bhū (to be), present tense (laṭ)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb of being.

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - in all circumstances (everywhere, in all places/circumstances)

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + tra (suffix for place)

Note: Adverb of place/circumstance.

किम् (kim) - what (then to say)? (what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why

Note: Interrogative indicating emphasis.

पुनः (punaḥ) - what more (can be said)? (again, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'how much more' or 'what then'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

महीपते (mahīpate) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as king. (O lord of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

From mahī (earth) + pati (lord)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)