महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-20

ये तु धर्मं प्रशंसन्तश्चरन्ति पृथिवीमिमाम् ।
अनाचरन्तस्तद्धर्मं संकरे निरताः प्रभो ॥२०॥

20. ye tu dharmaṁ praśaṁsantaścaranti pṛthivīmimām ,
anācarantastaddharmaṁ saṁkare niratāḥ prabho.

20. ye tu dharmam praśaṃsantaḥ caranti pṛthivīm imām
| anācarantaḥ taddharmam saṅkare niratāḥ prabho

20. prabho ye tu dharmam praśaṃsantaḥ imām pṛthivīm caranti,
taddharmam anācarantaḥ (ca),
te saṅkare niratāḥ

20. But those who merely praise natural law (dharma) while roaming this earth, yet do not practice that (dharma) themselves—O Lord, they are engrossed in moral confusion.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty

• प्रशंसन्तः (praśaṁsantaḥ) - praising, extolling

• चरन्ति (caranti) - they roam, they wander, they practice

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth

• इमाम् (imām) - this

• अनाचरन्तः (anācarantaḥ) - not practicing, not observing

• तद्धर्मम् (taddharmam) - that natural law (dharma), that duty

• सङ्करे (saṅkare) - in confusion, in mixture (of castes/principles)

• निरताः (niratāḥ) - engaged, absorbed, devoted

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रशंसन्तः (praśaṁsantaḥ) - praising, extolling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praśaṃsat

praśaṁsat - praising, extolling, applauding

Present Active Participle

Root śaṃs (to praise) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

चरन्ति (caranti) - they roam, they wander, they practice

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of car

Present tense

Root car, class 1, present 3rd plural active

Root: car (class 1)

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the world

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अनाचरन्तः (anācarantaḥ) - not practicing, not observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anācarat

anācarat - not practicing, not observing, not acting according to

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) a + ācarat (from root car with prefix ā)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ācarat)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• ācarat – practicing, observing, acting according to
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Root car with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

तद्धर्मम् (taddharmam) - that natural law (dharma), that duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of taddharma

taddharma - that natural law, that duty, that righteousness

Compound (tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+dharma)

• tad – that (pronoun stem)
  pronoun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सङ्करे (saṅkare) - in confusion, in mixture (of castes/principles)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅkara

saṅkara - mixture, confusion (especially of castes or principles), hybrid

From root kṛ with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निरताः (niratāḥ) - engaged, absorbed, devoted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirata

nirata - absorbed in, devoted to, engaged in, attached to

Past Passive Participle

Root ram (to delight, stop) with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: ram (class 1)

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, sovereign, powerful

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)