महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-3

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
श्रद्धया परया पूतो यः प्रयच्छेद्द्विजातये ।
हव्यं कव्यं तथा दानं को दोषः स्यात्पितामह ॥३॥

3. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śraddhayā parayā pūto yaḥ prayaccheddvijātaye ,
havyaṁ kavyaṁ tathā dānaṁ ko doṣaḥ syātpitāmaha.

3. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca śraddhayā parayā pūtaḥ yaḥ prayacchet
dvijātaye havyam kavyam tathā dānam kaḥ doṣaḥ syāt pitāmaha

3. Yudhiṣṭhira said, "O Grandfather, what flaw could there be if someone, purified by supreme faith (śraddhā), offers either an oblation for the gods (havya), an oblation for the ancestors (kavya), or indeed any other gift (dāna) to a twice-born (dvijāti)?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (said, spoke)

• श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with sincere faith (by faith, with faith (śraddhā))

• परया (parayā) - by supreme faith (by supreme, by highest)

• पूतः (pūtaḥ) - one who is purified (by faith) (purified, cleansed)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (the person who gives) (who, whoever)

• प्रयच्छेत् (prayacchet) - should offer (should give, offers)

• द्विजातये (dvijātaye) - to a Brahmin (dvijāti) (to a twice-born)

• हव्यम् (havyam) - an oblation intended for the gods (oblation to gods)

• कव्यम् (kavyam) - an oblation intended for the ancestors (oblation to ancestors)

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, and)

• दानम् (dānam) - any other gift (dāna) (gift, donation (dāna))

• कः (kaḥ) - what (kind of) fault? (what? who?)

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - what flaw (could arise)? (fault, defect, error)

• स्यात् (syāt) - what would be (the fault)? (would be, should be)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhīṣma as grandfather. (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, one who stands firm in war; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active third person singular

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Archaic perfect form for 'to speak'.

श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with sincere faith (by faith, with faith (śraddhā))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śraddhā

śraddhā - faith, trust, confidence, reverence

From śrat (heart) + dhā (to place)

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Means 'by means of faith'.

परया (parayā) - by supreme faith (by supreme, by highest)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Adjective for śraddhayā.

पूतः (pūtaḥ) - one who is purified (by faith) (purified, cleansed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūta

pūta - purified, clean, holy

Past Passive Participle

From root pū (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Adjective for yaḥ.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (the person who gives) (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the giver.

प्रयच्छेत् (prayacchet) - should offer (should give, offers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of yam

optative active third person singular

From root yam (to give, control) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or possibility.

द्विजातये (dvijātaye) - to a Brahmin (dvijāti) (to a twice-born)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kṣatriya, or Vaiśya, specifically a Brahmin in this context)

From dvi (two) + jāti (birth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, species, class
  noun (feminine)
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Recipient of the gift.

हव्यम् (havyam) - an oblation intended for the gods (oblation to gods)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of havya

havya - oblation, sacrifice, anything offered to gods

Gerundive

From root hu (to offer, sacrifice)

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Object of prayacchet.

कव्यम् (kavyam) - an oblation intended for the ancestors (oblation to ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kavya

kavya - oblation for ancestors, fit for Kavis (sages/ancestors)

From kavi (poet, wise man, ancestor)

Note: Object of prayacchet.

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in a list.

दानम् (dānam) - any other gift (dāna) (gift, donation (dāna))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, donation, act of giving

From root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Object of prayacchet.

कः (kaḥ) - what (kind of) fault? (what? who?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - what flaw (could arise)? (fault, defect, error)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, blame, vice

From root duṣ (to corrupt, be bad)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for syāt.

स्यात् (syāt) - what would be (the fault)? (would be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

optative active third person singular

From root as (to be), optative mood (vidhiliṅ)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses possibility or potentiality.

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhīṣma as grandfather. (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, paternal grandfather; Brahmā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+mahā)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)