महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-19

भीष्म उवाच ।
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोध आनृशंस्यं दमस्तथा ।
आर्जवं चैव राजेन्द्र निश्चितं धर्मलक्षणम् ॥१९॥

19. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ahiṁsā satyamakrodha ānṛśaṁsyaṁ damastathā ,
ārjavaṁ caiva rājendra niścitaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam.

19. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | ahiṃsā satyam akrodhaḥ ānṛśaṃsyam damaḥ
tathā | ārjavam ca eva rājendra niścitam dharmalakṣaṇam

19. rājendra bhīṣmaḥ uvāca ahiṃsā satyam akrodhaḥ ānṛśaṃsyam
damaḥ tathā ārjavam ca eva niścitam dharmalakṣaṇam

19. Bhishma said: "Non-violence, truthfulness, freedom from anger, compassion, self-control, and straightforwardness — these, O King, are definitively the hallmarks of natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, harmlessness

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthfulness

• अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - absence of anger, non-anger

• आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - compassion, kindness, absence of cruelty

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

• आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king among kings, O emperor

• निश्चितम् (niścitam) - certain, definite, ascertained

• धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - characteristic of natural law (dharma), sign of duty

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (lit)

Root vac, class 2, perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, harmlessness

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness

Compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) a + hiṃsā

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• hiṃsā – injury, harm, violence
  noun (feminine)
  From root hiṃs (to injure)
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthfulness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, sincerity

अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - absence of anger, non-anger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akrodha

akrodha - freedom from anger, non-wrath

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+krodha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From root krudh (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)

आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - compassion, kindness, absence of cruelty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ānṛśaṃsya

ānṛśaṁsya - absence of cruelty, kindness, benevolence, compassion

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, mastery

From root dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

(indeclinable)

आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārjava

ārjava - straightness, rectitude, honesty, sincerity

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king among kings, O emperor

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, an emperor, a paramount ruler

Compound (tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a Vedic deity); chief, best, lord
  noun (masculine)

निश्चितम् (niścitam) - certain, definite, ascertained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niścita

niścita - ascertained, decided, certain, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Root ci, with prefix ni, past passive participle

Prefix: ni

Root: ci (class 5)

धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - characteristic of natural law (dharma), sign of duty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmalakṣaṇa

dharmalakṣaṇa - a characteristic or mark of natural law/duty/righteousness

Compound (tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+lakṣaṇa)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 1)