महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
स्ववृत्तिमभिपन्नाय लिङ्गिने वेतराय वा ।
देयमाहुर्महाराज उभावेतौ तपस्विनौ ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
svavṛttimabhipannāya liṅgine vetarāya vā ,
deyamāhurmahārāja ubhāvetau tapasvinau.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca svavṛttim abhipannāya liṅgine vā
itarāya vā deyam āhuḥ mahārāja ubhau etau tapasvinau

2. Bhīṣma said, "O great king, they declare that a gift (dāna) should be given to one who duly maintains their proper occupation, whether to a Brahmin with the marks of an ascetic (liṅgin) or to the other type of Brahmin. Both of these are indeed performers of penance (tapasvinau)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (Bhīṣma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma said (said, spoke)

• स्ववृत्तिम् (svavṛttim) - their proper occupation or livelihood (one's own proper conduct or occupation)

• अभिपन्नाय (abhipannāya) - to one who has duly maintained or reached their proper occupation (to one who has reached, attained, approached)

• लिङ्गिने (liṅgine) - to a Brahmin bearing the marks of an ascetic (to one with distinguishing marks (ascetic))

• वा (vā) - or

• इतराय (itarāya) - to the other type of Brahmin (without ascetic marks) (to the other)

• वा (vā) - or

• देयम् (deyam) - a gift (dāna) that should be offered (to be given, what should be given, a gift)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (the wise ones) (they say, they declare)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as the great king. (O great king)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both types of Brahmins (both)

• एतौ (etau) - these two types of Brahmins (these two)

• तपस्विनौ (tapasvinau) - both are considered performers of penance (tapas) (two ascetics, two performers of penance)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (Bhīṣma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; a proper name, the son of Śāntanu

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active third person singular

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Archaic perfect form for 'to speak'.

स्ववृत्तिम् (svavṛttim) - their proper occupation or livelihood (one's own proper conduct or occupation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of svavṛtti

svavṛtti - one's own conduct, proper occupation, customary behavior

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+vṛtti)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• vṛtti – conduct, occupation, livelihood, mode of being
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to turn, to exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of abhipannāya (who has attained).

अभिपन्नाय (abhipannāya) - to one who has duly maintained or reached their proper occupation (to one who has reached, attained, approached)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of abhipanna

abhipanna - approached, attained, engaged in, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

From root pad (to go) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: This participle refers to the person who is the recipient of the gift.

लिङ्गिने (liṅgine) - to a Brahmin bearing the marks of an ascetic (to one with distinguishing marks (ascetic))

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of liṅgin

liṅgin - having a mark, sign, characteristic; an ascetic, mendicant

From liṅga (mark) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Refers to the recipient.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive conjunction.

इतराय (itarāya) - to the other type of Brahmin (without ascetic marks) (to the other)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different

Note: Refers to the other type of Brahmin mentioned in the previous verse (aliṅginam).

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive conjunction.

देयम् (deyam) - a gift (dāna) that should be offered (to be given, what should be given, a gift)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, due, fit to be given

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

From root dā (to give), gerundive suffix -ya

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Here used as a noun, 'that which is to be given'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (the wise ones) (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vac

present active third person plural

From root vac (to speak), present tense (laṭ)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Irregular form from root vac.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as the great king. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

उभौ (ubhau) - both types of Brahmins (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Refers to liṅgin and itara.

एतौ (etau) - these two types of Brahmins (these two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to liṅgin and itara.

तपस्विनौ (tapasvinau) - both are considered performers of penance (tapas) (two ascetics, two performers of penance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, performer of penance (tapas), devoted to religious austerity

From tapas (penance) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Predicate nominative for ubhau etau.