महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-30

प्रहरेन्न नरेन्द्रेषु न गां हन्यात्तथैव च ।
भ्रूणहत्यासमं चैतदुभयं यो निषेवते ॥३०॥

30. praharenna narendreṣu na gāṁ hanyāttathaiva ca ,
bhrūṇahatyāsamaṁ caitadubhayaṁ yo niṣevate.

30. praharet na narendreṣu na gām hanyāt tathā eva
ca bhrūṇahatyāsamam ca etat ubhayam yaḥ niṣevate

30. narendreṣu na praharet na ca gām hanyāt tathā
eva ca yaḥ etat ubhayam niṣevate bhrūṇahatyāsamam

30. One should not attack kings, nor should one kill a cow. Whoever engages in both these actions, it is equivalent to the killing of an embryo.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रहरेत् (praharet) - one should strike, one should attack, one should hit

• न (na) - not, no

• नरेन्द्रेषु (narendreṣu) - on kings, among rulers, against monarchs

• न (na) - not, no

• गाम् (gām) - a cow

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should kill, one should strike

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• च (ca) - and, also

• भ्रूणहत्यासमम् (bhrūṇahatyāsamam) - equal to the killing of an embryo, equivalent to feticide

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतत् (etat) - this, these

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both, both kinds

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• निषेवते (niṣevate) - performs, practices, indulges in, serves

Words meanings and morphology

प्रहरेत् (praharet) - one should strike, one should attack, one should hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prahṛ

Optative mood, active voice

From pra + root hṛ (to seize, carry)

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

नरेन्द्रेषु (narendreṣu) - on kings, among rulers, against monarchs

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

nara (man) + indra (chief, lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (deity), chief, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the object against which the action of striking is directed.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गाम् (gām) - a cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Direct object of hanyāt.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should kill, one should strike

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han

Optative mood, active voice

From root han

Root: han (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins with tathā via sandhi.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भ्रूणहत्यासमम् (bhrūṇahatyāsamam) - equal to the killing of an embryo, equivalent to feticide

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhrūṇahatyāsama

bhrūṇahatyāsama - equal to the killing of an embryo, equivalent to feticide

bhrūṇahatyā (feticide) + sama (equal)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhrūṇahatyā+sama)

• bhrūṇahatyā – feticide, abortion, killing of an embryo
  noun (feminine)
  bhrūṇa (embryo) + hatyā (killing)
• sama – equal, similar, same
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with etat ubhayam.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to ubhayam.

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both, both kinds

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, both kinds

Note: Refers to the two actions previously mentioned.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, whoever, which

Note: Subject of niṣevate.

निषेवते (niṣevate) - performs, practices, indulges in, serves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of niṣev

Present tense, middle voice

From ni + root sev (to serve)

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)